0/ Thurammina papillata. 265 



3. Test free, more or less cylindrical, large. Papillae nu- 

 merous, regularly disposed all over the surface in straight 

 lines. Test generally very thin, cement brownish or colour- 

 less (figs. 17, 31). These forms seem to be characteristic of 

 the sponge-beds of the Lower Malm. 



4. Test free, compressed, often lenticular. Papillae irre- 

 gularly disposed, generally near the margins. Some of these ' 

 varieties resemble T. compressa, Brady* ; but the texture 

 is the same as in the typical T. papillata. Not common in the 

 sponge-beds of the Lower Malm (figs. 11, 18, 22, 26). 



5. Test free, more or less spheroidal or cylindrical. Pa- 

 pillee small, tubular, few in number, placed at one or both 

 ends of the shell. Cement brownish or colourless. Some of 

 the most interesting modifications are represented by figs. 



10, 12, 13, 14. 



These rare forms were obtained from the marly limestones 



of the Transversarius-zoVie. 



6. Test free, irregular, cylindrical, or flask-like, bearing a 

 single aperture at the end of the chamber. Cement generally 

 colourless (figs. 6, 7). Fig. 8 represents a specimen with 

 two small orifices. A nearly globular specimen from the zone 

 of Ammonites transversa!' i 'us , bearing a long wide cylindrical 

 neck, is figured Q. J. G. S. vol. xxxix. tab. iii. fig. 3, and 

 another from the zone of A. bimammatus in N. Jahrb. f. Min. 

 vol. i. 1883, tab. iv. fig. 11. 



7. Test free, large (1 millim.), irregular. Papillae large, 

 conical, touching each other at the base. Cement of a peculiar 

 light yellow or brass-like colour. These varieties appear to 

 be characteristic of the Lower Malm. Figs. 15, 16, 20 repre- 

 sent the simpler forms. A typical specimen is figured Q. J. 



G. S. vol. xxxix. tab. iii. fig. 2. 



8. Besides the above-mentioned forms, the various Jurassic 

 zones from the Bathonian to the Upper Sequanian beds con- 

 tain numerous quite irr< ^ular, sometimes monstrous speci- 

 mens, as figs. 23, 24, 32, 33. 



9. Test fixed, flask-like, without papillae, ending in a long 

 neck, bearing the large circular aperture. Cement generally 

 hyaline ; attached to the shells of mollusks, stems of crinoids, 

 grains of sand, &c. (fig. 9, and N. Jahrb. f. Min. 1883, vol. i. 

 tab. iv. fig. 9), in the Upper Jurassic sponge-beds. 



10. Test fixed, irregularly shaped, spheroidal, cylindrical, 



or conical. Papillae generally few in number, variously dis- 

 posed all over the surface of the chamber. Cement usually 

 hyaline. Attached to the tubes of Hyperammina vagans, Br., 

 rarely to Placopsilince or other fossils (figs. 27, 30, and Q. J. 



* Brady, /. c. p. 27, tab. v. fig. 9. 



