384 Miscellaneous. 



features common to both are called by him chief or primary charac- 

 ters of organization. As such he mentions the similarity in deve- 

 lopment, already pointed out by Biitschli and the Hertwigs, the seg- 

 mentation of the larvae into three segments, the number, position, and 

 origin of the generative organs, and their relations to the nephridial 

 efferent ducts, the perfectly similar structure of the nerve-collar with 

 its two centra, the ventral and dorsal longitudinal and the two pairs 

 of transverse mesenteries. To these facts he adds some remarks on 

 the great similarity in histological structure between Brachiopods and 

 Chsetognathes, as the great simplicity of all the epithelial layers, the 

 subordinate significance of the connective tissue, the similar charac- 

 ter of the muscles, the plexiform distribution of peripheral nerves, 

 and the occurrence of horny seta) in ectodermal follicles. 



The points of difference between Brachiopods and Chsetognathes 

 are explained as consequences of the development of the shell, which 

 in itself cannot be an argument against their affinity. This shell 

 caused the development of the peduncle, the arms, and the muscles, 

 the removal of the anus to the right side or its total disappearance 

 together with eyes, auditory organs (?), and jaws, and perhaps also 

 the unisexuality (to prevent self-fertilization, while cross-fecundation 

 was secured by the animals living in colonies). 



As support for this view the author points out the great diffe- 

 rence in plan and structure of peduncle, arms, and muscular system 

 between different kinds of Brachiopods, especially between Testi- 

 cardines and Ecardines. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



>/ 



By D. C. Danielssen and J. Koken. 



The ' Annals ' for December last (p. 436) contained a translation 

 of some remarks upon the genus Solaster, extracted from a paper 

 by MM. Danielssen and Koren on the Echinoderms collected during 

 the Norwegian North-Atlantic expedition. The article contains a 

 list of the starfishes obtained, numbering forty-one species belonging 

 to twenty genera, four genera and eleven species being indicated as 

 new. The previously known species are Asterias stellionura, Perr., 

 A. panopla, Stuxb., A. Miilleri, M. Bars, A. grMandica, Steenstr., 



A. rubens, Lin., StiekasUr roseits (0. F. Miill.), 8. albidus (Stamps.), 

 Cribrella oculata (Linck), Pedicellaster typicm, M. Sara, Solaster 

 affinvt (Brandt), 8. furdfer, Dub. & Kor.", S. jmpposus (linck), 8. 

 ^ndeca (Gmel.), PentagonasUr granulans (0. F. Miill.), P. hispidus 

 (M. Sara), ffippasteria plana (Linck), Asterina tumida (Stuxb.). 

 Pteraster mihtaris (0. F. Miill.), P. pulvfflus, M. Sara, P. midtipes, 

 fr* ^ aT8 ^y >liena sterpeUwl,h,s, W. Thorns., Astropeeten Andromeda. 

 Mull. & irosch., A. aretkas, M. Sars, A. irregularis, Linck, Cteno- 







