ON NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS :— EUROPE. 229 



The publications comprise the ' Bollettino,' (in 8vo.), dating from 1870, 

 of which fourteen volumes are published ; and ' Memorie ' (in fol.), dating 

 from 1871, of which two volumes are published. These volumes contain 

 numerous maps, on various scales, and plates of fossils. Many of the 

 authors of papers here published are not connected with the survey ; but, 

 as a Geological Society was founded for Italy in 1881, the survey 

 publications will probably in future be more purely official. 



Several semi-official maps are issued. Three are by Prof. Capellini, a 

 member of the Comitate). These are — the Bolognese Apennines ; Leghorn 

 (each 1 : 100,000) ; Gulf of Spezia (1 : 50,000). 



Netherlands. 

 Commissie voor de Geologische Kaart van Nederland (Haarlem). 



An official survey of this country was made by W. C. H. Staring, and 

 published (' Geologische Kaart van Nederland ') at Haarlem, in 27 small 

 sheets ; 1858-67 with explanation. The scale is 1 : 200,000 ; the 

 meridian Amsterdam, 4° 55' E. of Greenwich. The map shows 13 

 varieties of alluvium, 8 of diluvium, 16 of Pliocene — Eocene, with other 

 rocks down to Devonian. 



Another map (? not official) has been published by Kruijder, in six 

 sheets, 1880. 



Norway. 

 Geologislce Undersogelse (Christiania). 



The geological investigation of this country is in two parts. That of 

 Southern Norway, under the direction of Th. Kjerulf, dates from 1858 ; 

 that of Northern Norway, under the direction of T. Dahll, dates from 

 1866, and was completed in 1878. For the former there are two assist- 

 ants, with extra help during the summer. 



The surveying work is done on various scales — for the most part 

 1 : 100,000, but some 20/, 50/, and 200,000. For the last the meridian 

 is Ferro ; for the others it is Christiania, 10° 43' E. of Greenwich. 



The published map of Southern Norway, in rectangular sheets, is 

 on the scale 1 : 100,000, with contours at 100 feet (1 Norwegian foot= 

 12.35 English inches). Seventeen sheets are published, dating from 

 1876. These are grouped as follows : Trondhjem and district, 8 sheets ; 

 Bergen, 2 ; Hamar, 2 ; Christiania and Fredrickstadt, 5. Each sheet is 

 priced kr. 160 (1 kr. = Is. l±d.). 



A general map of part of Southern Norway (Diocese of Christiania, 

 Hamar, and Christiansand) was published in 1856-65, by Th. Kjerulf and 

 T. Dahll ; scale 1 : 400,000 ; 10 sheets ; with explanatory pamphlet in 

 French ; in this the meridian is Ferro. 



A general description of Southern Norway with atlas and map 

 ('Geologiske Oversigtskarte,' 1:1,000,000), was published by Th. 

 Kjerulf in 1879. (German translation, by Dr. A. Gurlt, in 1880). A 



