554 



REPORT 1884. 



Euro- 

 pean 



E. 

 E. 

 E. 

 E. 



Names of species 



Remarks 



E. 

 E. 



E. 

 E. 



Turbonilla Bushiana, Verrill. No. 802 ; 



487 fms. 

 Eulimella Smithii, Yerrill. No. 047: 



312 fms. 

 Eulima intermedia, Cantraine. No. 940 ; 



100 fms. 

 Cerithiella AYhiteavesii, Verrill. No. 097; 



335 fms. 

 Sipho pubescens, Verrifl. No. 939 : 



258 fms. 

 Sipho coelatus, V. & S. No. 007 ; 335 fms. 



Plcurotomella Agassizii, T. &. S. No. 894 ; 

 365 fms., and 947 ; 327 fms. 



Anackis costulata (Cantr.). No. 804 ; 

 365 fms. 



Astyris diapbana, Yerrill. No. 876 ; 



120 fms. 

 Astyris pura, Verrill. No. 802; 487 fms. 



Ringicula nitida, Yerrill. No. 947 ; 



312 fms. 

 Scaphander punetostriatus (Migb.). Ad. 



No. 1025; 216 fm>. 



Odostomia magnifica, Seguenza. 



Odostomia unifasciata, Forbes (as 



Eulima). 

 Eulima intermedia, Cantr. 



Allied to Cerithium metula, Lov. 



Perhaps my C. gracilis. 

 Allied to Fusus Sabini, Gray, but 



unknown to me as European. 

 A species of Fusus, unknown to 



me as European. 

 A species of Pleurotoma allied to 



P. tumida, Jeffr. ; but unknown 



to me as European. 

 Columbella haliajeti, Jeff. Can- 



traine's species of Fusus is a 



Pleurotoma. 

 Columbella Holbolli, M61Ier=C. 



rosacea, Gould ; var. 

 Unknown to me as European. A 



species of Columbella. 

 Pdngicula leptochila, Brugnone. 



Scaphander punctostriatus.Migh. 

 & Ad. = S. librarius, Lov. 



Of the above-named 35 species, 30 are known to inhabit also the 

 European seas, being a much larger percentage than in the case of those 

 inland, and shallow-water species which I enumerated in my list of 

 1872. 



But it is not only in the Mollusca that we find such uniformity 

 between the submarine fauna on both sides of the North Atlantic. An 

 excellent paper by my friend, Mr. Herbert Carpenter, ' On the Crinoidea 

 of the North Atlantic between Gibraltar and the Faroe Islands,' which 

 has been published this year in the ' Proceedings of the Royal Society of 

 Edinburgh,' shows that many species as well as genera of that group of 

 the Echinodermata are common to the European and American seas. 



The distribution of deep-sea animals must be accounted for in a 

 different way from that which takes place among land animals and 

 those which inhabit shallow water. Most if not all of the deep-sea 

 animals in their embryonic state swim or move freely, and are wafted by 

 marine currents in different directions, so as to traverse gradually and in 

 course of time vast tracts of the sea bottom ; and this process is con- 

 tinually repeated. Depth is no obstacle to this intermigration. There 

 is no doubt that a cm-rent or movement of the water, although it may 

 be excessively slow, exists everywhere at or near the bottom. Otherwise 

 the sea might stagnate and perhaps become lifeless, which we know is 

 not the case. In the Porcupine expedition of 1870 I dredged off the 

 coast of Portugal, in 994 fathoms, a mass of shells and other organisms, 

 mostly dead, which evidently had been deposited there by the action of 

 some tidal or other marine current. This was at a distance of twenty 

 or thirty miles from the shore. An account of this dredging will be 

 found in the ' Proceedings of the Royal Society ' for that year. 





