ON AMERICAN PERMANENT WAT. 



609 



In conclusion, the author would dwell upon the importance of keeping 

 a road in a thoroughly clean and neat condition, with every part to 

 proper line and shape. The great value of this cannot he over-estimated. 

 Not only does it produce a good effect on the public, but it inculcates 

 care and attention on the part of the employes, and lessens their liability 

 to neglect of the main essentials. A road superstructure well and con- 

 tinuously kept up is, in the end, at far less expense for maintenance than 

 one which is allowed to get out of order and to run down, until it is abso- 

 lutely necessary by a strong effort to bring it back into good shape. It 

 is true that there are many lines of road throughout the country in 

 sparsely settled sections, and having a small traffic, which could not 

 afford the expenditure on the permanent way that a main trunk line 

 could do. Such a line may live in hopes of raising its standard at some 

 future time and improving its superstructure ; but even now, in its present 

 state, it can keep everything in neat order, and make its work thorough so 

 far as it goes. 



The author desires to express his acknowledgments to the various 

 railroad and manufacturing companies who have so kindly furnished 

 him with information and data. 



NOTE.— The paper was illustrated by a series of plates, a selection from which 

 only have been reproduced. 



Explanation of Plates VI. and VII. 



Plate VI. 



Rail Xn. 234 is in use on the Pennsylvania It. R., 1883. and the Detroit, Bay Citv, and 

 Alpena R. R., 1883. ' ' 



Rail No. oil is in use on the 



Plate VII. 



Rail No. 56 — continued. 



Louisville and Nashville R. R., 1881. 



Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Balti- 

 more If. P.., 187."i. 



Western Maryland R. P.. 1875. 



Louisville, Cincinnati, and Lexington 

 R. R., 1879. 



Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton R. 

 R., 1879. See 60, No. 59. 



Cleveland, Mt. Vernon, and Columbus 

 It. P., 1879. 



Rail No. 55 is in use on the 



Pennsylvania P. P., Main Line, 188.'!. 

 Illinois and St. Louis Bridge Co., 1877. 

 Cumberland and Pennsylvania II. R., 



1877-79. 

 Baltimore and Ohio 1.'. P., 1881. Also 



GO, No. 5G. 

 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis 



R. R., 1881. Also GO, No. 00. 



Rail No. 56 is in use on the 



Pennsylvania P. P. (Leased Lines and 



Branches), 1883. 

 Allegheny Valley P. P., 1879. 

 Pittsburgh, Ft. "Wavne, and Chicago 



R. P., 1881. 

 1884. 



Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis 



P. P., 1881. 

 Cleveland and Pittsburgh R. R„ 1877. 

 Terre Haute and Indianapolis P. R., 



1878. 

 Northern Central By. (Pennsylvania}. 



lSl i. 



Louisville.I'aducah, and South- Western 



R. R., 1875. 

 Bellefoute and Snou- Shoe R. P., 1880. 

 Dunleth and Dubuque Bridge Co., 



1880. 

 Erie and Pittsburgh P. R., 1878. 

 Summit Branch P. R., 187G. 

 Philadelphia and Erie R. P., 1879. 

 St. Louis, Alton, and Terre Haute R. 



R., 1879. 

 Toledo and Woodville R. P., 1877. 

 West Jersey R. P., 1880. 

 Huntingdon and Broad Top R. R., 



1879. 

 Illinois Central R. P., 1877. 

 Springfield Southern P. P., 1881. 

 Cumberland and Penus\ Ivania P. P., 



1880. 

 St. Louis, Iron Mountain, and Southern 



R. R., 1881. 

 Baltimore and Ohio K. R., 1881. 

 R R 



