854 bkpokt— 1884. 



Prices have fluctuated 50s. per ton, from 116*. to 60*. per ton of 80 per cent, 

 quality. 



Pure specimens of apatite contain about 92 per cent, of phosphate of lime ; 

 cargo lots usually average 75 to 80 per cent. 



Low freights are obtained by ships taking phosphate for ballast under deal 

 cargoes at from 2s. 6d. to 10*. per ton. 



The use of phosphates finely ground, without acid, is being considered, and 

 efforts are being made to concentrate the phosphate from low-grade ores. Factories 

 are to be started near Montreal to make superphosphates. Phosphate lands have 

 sold as high as &\ ,250 per acre. 



Experiments made by Lawes showed that the use of superphosphates increased 

 the yield of an acre from two tons of turnips to eight tons. The use of this article 

 as a fertiliser increases constantly as knowledge increases and soil becomes 

 exhausted. 



The exports of phosphate increased from 5,462 tons in 1877 to 17,000 in 1883. 



6. The Fisheries of Canada. By L. Z. Joxcas. 



The principal points referred to in this paper were : — 



1. Extent of the Canadian fisheries; their importance as a source of maritime 

 wealth and commerce; and as keeping in active training an independent and 

 spirited class of sea-faring men. 



2. Extent of the Canadian maritime coasts and of numerous inland seas of the 

 Dominion. Varieties of fishes found in them. Immense field for industry and 

 enterprise. 



3. Value of the Canadian fisheries both commercially and economically. 

 Statistics. Number of men they employ. Their rapid growth. The amount of 

 their annual products. Comparison between them and the Great Britain and 

 United States fisheries. Canadian mode of fishing compared with that of other 

 countries. What the Government of Canada has done to further develope its 

 fisheries. Fishery bureaux, societies, and commissions. 



4. Answer to the question, would not the Canadian fisheries soon be exhausted 

 if they were carried on more extensively ? Fishing in the Canadian waters by 

 foreigners and by native fishermen for the last three hundred years. Abundance 

 of fish. Natural history of the commercial fishes of Canada. The arctic current 

 washing the Canadian coasts and bringing food for the commercial fishes. Opinion 

 of scientists on the matter. Area of the Dominion coasts washed by the arctic 

 current. Theory regarding migrations of fish. 



5. The most important fishing-grounds and different fisheries in Canada. 



6. Cod-tishery : its importance, its value. Habits of the cod. Cod-fishing 

 season in the Canadian waters. Bait for cod. Mode of cod-fishing. Encourage- 

 ments given. Markets for the cod will never fail ; and why. Statistics. 



7. Industries inherent to the cod-fishery. Guano. Cod-roes: what quantity 

 Canada could furnish ; markets for this article. Manufactures of ropes, lines, nets, 

 hoops, &c. Cooperage. 



8. Herring-fishery. Appearance of the herring on the Canadian coasts. 

 Abundance of this fish. English herring-fishery compared with Canadian. Modes 

 of preparing herring for market. 



9. Mackerel-fishery : its value : fleet of vessels engaged in it. Improvement in 

 the building of vessels. Modes of preparing the mackerel for market. Markets 

 where Canadian mackerel are sent. 



10. Lobster-fishery. Enormous catch. Danger of over-production. Regula- 

 tions. How hard it is to revive a shell-fishery. 



11. Oyster-beds. Oyster-fishery. 



12. Seal-fishery. 



13. Salmon-fishery. Reasons of its decrease. More protection wanted. Fly- 

 fishing season too long. Pisciculture. Annual yield of Canadian salmon-fishery. 

 British Columbia salmon-fishery. Fresh-salmon trade. Statistics. 





