872 report— 1884. 



Or an increase of £172,000,000 to £190,000,000 in 1881, -an increase of 10 

 per cent. ; and to £221,000,000 in 1882, or an increase of 29 per cent. 



So in the very years (from 1877 to 1881) that the total commerce (imports 

 and exports) of Canada has increased 10 per cent., the commerce of imports and 

 exports of Canada with Spain and her colonies has increased 60 per cent. ; and 

 between 1877 and 1S83, that the total commerce of Canada has increased 29 per 

 cent., the imports and exports of Canada with Spain and her colonies have increased 

 over 68 per cent. 



As the result of studying the condition of trade between Canada and Spain 

 and her colonies, the author conies to the following conclusions : — 



1. That the commerce between Canada and Spain and her colonies is less than 

 it ought to be, taking into consideration the wants of the two countries, the diver- 

 sity of their productions, and the short distance they are apart. 



2. That a great deal of the trade is done indirectly through other countries, 

 especially England and France in Europe, and the United States in America. 



3. That the Spanish-Canadian commerce has been increasing from 1877 more 

 rapidly than the total trade of the Dominion. In the meantime, from 1877 to 

 1883, that the total commerce of the Dominion has increased about 29 per cent., 

 the commerce of Canada with Spain and her colonies has increased 68 per cent. 



4. That the Spanish Government has not a single prohibition in her tariffs, 

 and that Canada has maintained for many years prohibitionist duties upon the 

 Spanish wines, as some of these commodities are charged with 129 per cent, of 

 their value. 



5. That the alcoholic scale is antagonistic to the national development of the 

 commerce of Canada with Spain ; it is contrary to the sound and practical prin- 

 ciple of political economy for the revenue of the Dominion; is prohibitive for the 

 consumption of the labouring classes in this country, and antagonistic to their 

 temperance, their comfort, and their health ; is itself unequitable within its degrees 

 and duties, and is iniquitous in regard to the other spirit duties. 



6. That the heavy customs' duties of Canada upon the molasses, juicy cane, 

 and sugar are against the industry of the sugar-refineries in Canada, are against 

 the employment of the workmen in this country, and against the health andcomfort 

 of all classes — especially against the labouring people. 



7. That the duties on the tobacco are against the development of another 

 important industry in this country. 



8. That Spain must diminish her tariff upon some products from Canada, and 

 give more facilities to exportation all over the Spanish territory for the grains, 

 fishes, fruits, cattle, meats, coals, butter, cheese, woods, leather products and 

 machinery ; at the same time that Canada must give facilities to import into this 

 country the wines, spirits, molasses, juice of cane, sugar, fruits, oil, coii'ee, tobacco, 

 salt, and other products from Spain and her colonies. 



9. That as has been proposed by the Canadian Government, and already asked 

 for, some association of this country is necessary to establish at once a regular line 

 of steamers between Canada, Cuba, and Porto Pico, and to improve the telegraph 

 and postal communications between the Dominion and West Indies. 



The author has no doubt that this line of steamers, the improvement of tele- 

 graph and postal communication, and a liberal treaty of commerce between Canada 

 and Spain, will open, with great results to over 4,500,000 inhabitants of this 

 country, a market for the consumption of 25,000,000 Spaniards, or five times 

 the population of the Dominion. He is quite certain that the commerce will be 

 tripled in a very short time. 



6. Forestry. By J. Beaufokt Hurlbeet, M.D., LL.D. 



7. The Forests of Canada. By J. Beaufort Hurlbeet, M.B., LB.B. 



The forests of Canada extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The mixed 

 forests of deciduous and coniferous trees cover the southern parts of the Dominion, 



