396 REPORT—1885. 
lst degree.—A faint red glimmer, above the main vent, interrupted by 
complete darkness. 
2nd degree.—The glimmer is continuous, but the ejection reaches — 
hardly above the central crater rim at the most. ] 
3rd degree.—Glimmer continuous and well marked; the ejections are 
‘distinctly discernible as they rise and then fall on the slopes of the cone — 
of eruption and roll down its slopes. 
4th deyree.—The ejections reach a considerable height, are brilliant, 
and light up the top of the great cone. 
5th degree.—Verging on an actual paroxysmal eruption, the ejections 
are shot up very high, being only very slightly or not at all influenced in 
their course by a strong wind. Hach explosion follows with much rapidity, 
and corresponds with the ‘boati’ heard all around the west, south, and 
south-east slopes of the mountain. 4 
The objections to this method of registering the variations in the 
activity of a volcano are— 
(a) Cloud-cap, which may for days cut off the view. 
(b) After a great eruption, resulting in a deep crater, the changes of 
activity would be invisible from the neighbourhood of the mountain. 
(c) It is only applicable after dark, so that usually only one observa- 
tion a day can be made. ; 
(d) Should lava be flowing from a lateral outlet, as is often the case, 
the level of the fluid in the chimney would vary as the outflow took place 
with greater or less rapidity, dependent on its blocking the passage more — 
or less. 
The Reporter thinks it desirable to introduce a description of this 
method into the report, so that it may be made use of in the case of other 
suitable volcanoes. 
7 
4 
| 
Report of the Conmittee, consisting of Mr. W. T. BLAaNForD and 
Mr. J. S. GARDNER (Secretary), on the Fossil Plants of the Ter- 
tiary and Secondary Beds of the United Kingdom. Drawn wp 
by Mr. J. S. GarDner, F.G.S., F.L.S. 
[PLATES I., II., & III.] 
Ir may not be out of place to preface our First Report on the Britisk 
Tertiary Flora with a brief summary of what is known regarding it at 
the present moment. Such a statement may be the more acceptable, as 
the subject is one, to promote the study of which the Association has 
made several grants in past years. 
The following list will be found to comprise all the principal works 
on the British Tertiary Flora down to the year 1880 :— 
1833-5, Lindley & Hutton’s ‘Fossil Flora’ contains descriptions of 
two Eocene Cycadaceous cones from the Thanet beds, and othe 
Eocene plants are mentioned (pl. 125, p. 117, pl. 226, p. 189). I 
1866 Mr. Carruthers redescribed these, referring them to Pinus 
(‘ Geological Magazine,’ vol. iii. pls. 20, 21, p. 534). 
1840. Bowerbank’s (incomplete) ‘History of the Fossil Fruits and 
Seeds of the London Clay’ appeared, and remains to this day the 
most important work on our Eocene plants. ; 
