a 
‘b. Their length. 
e. Their distance apart. 
da. Their height— 
(1) When built. 
(2) To leeward above the 
shingle. 
(3) To windward above the 
shingle. 
e. The material of which they are 
built. 
f. The influence which they exert. 
3. If shingle, sand, or rock is being 
artificially removed, state— 
a. From what part of the foreshore 
(with respect to the tidal range) 
the material is mainly taken. 
b For what purpose. 
ce. By whom—Private individuals. 
Local authorities. Public com- 
panies. 
d. Whether half-tide reefs had, 
before such removal, acted as 
natural breakwaters. 
t. Is the coast being worn back by the 
sea? If so, state— 
a. At what special points or dis- 
tricts. 
b. The nature and height of the 
i cliffs at those places. 
_e. At what rate the erosion now 
| takes place. 
da. What data there may be for 
determining the rate from early 
maps or other documents. 
-e. Is such loss confined to areas 
4 bare of shingle? 
15. Is the bareness of shingle at any of 
these places due to artificial causes ? 
a. By abstraction of shingle. 
b. By the erection of groynes, and 
the arresting of shingle else- 
where. 
16. Apart from the increase of land by 
increase of shingle, isany land being 
gained from the sea? If so, state— 
a. From what cause, as embanking 
salt-marsh or tidal foreshore. 
b. The area so regained, and from 
what date. 
17. Are there ‘dunes’ of blown sand in 
your district? If so, state— 
a. The name by whieh they are 
locally known. 
b. Their mean and greatest height. 
. Their relation to river mouths 
and to areas of shingle. 
. If they are now increasing. 
. If they blow over the land; or 
are prevented from so doing by 
‘bent grass’ or other vegeta- 
tion, or by water channels. 
18. Mention any reports, papers, maps, 
or newspaper articles that have 
appeared upon this question bear- 
ing upon your district (copies will 
be thankfully received by the 
Secretaries). 
19. Remarks bearing on the subject that 
may not seem covered by the fore- 
going questions. 
ce) 
of 
GENERAL REPORTS. 
A.—The South-Eastern Coast of England. 
By J. B. REDMAN, F.G.S., M-Inst.C.E. 
July 21, 1884. 
at the erosion of our south-eastern coasts by the action of wind-waves has been 
ed and increased by artificial agency, by removal of material and by the treatment 
works of defence in a selfish spirit, unaccompanied by concerted action, resulting 
injury to adjoining frontages for the benefit of those operated on, can be copiously 
istrated by the records of our public departments, such as the Admiralty, Woods 
d Forests or Works, the Board of Trade, the War Office, and the Trinity Corpora- 
mn, as well as by those of nearly every harbour board, river conservancy, or local 
e and sewage authority. And this fact is pourtrayed in a special literature of 
; the Blue Books of the House of Commons, for the various tidal harbours’ 
orts, Inaugurated by the persistent agitation of the late Joseph Hume, M.P., as 
as those on harbours of refuge, lighthouses, and shipping, give incidentally 
merous isolated cases showing how much this really imperial question has been 
tlooked or confused by a division of authority ; and the struggles with lords of the 
nor, illustrated by a number of well-known cases, add additional exemplification. 
‘ The legal aspect of this question has been recently ably treated by a republica- 
tion of Hall’s ‘Hssay on the Rights of the Crown in the Sea-shore,’ by Richard 
