440 REPORT—1885. 
to may prevent to some extent the waste which results from friction, but 
unless the authority in each district provides boundary jetties with inter- 
mediate groynes, to ‘ fix,’ as far as possible, the shingle, the whole of this part 
of the coast will,in my opinion, suffer from the want of the natural protection 
which the shingle has hitherto supplied. The cliffs are now being under- 
mined in places, and must eventually fall. 
18. Deal. 
By Major A. C. HEPPER, R.E., Royal Engineer Office, Dover. 
1. None, but I have made inquiries relative to War Department property at and near 
Deal, where the coast-line is, and has been, undergoing change. 
2. Shingly beach at Walmer, Deal, and Sandown Castles, and No. 2 Battery ; cliffs 
at Pegwell Bay Battery, Ramsgate, and Broadstairs. a. Chalk and flint. 
b. About 70 feet; 65 feet; 60 feet. 
3. North and south. 
#. South-west. 
5. a. North. b. South-west. ce. South-west. 
6. North-north-east and south-south-west. 
7. (1) a. From 18 to 20 feet, according to wind. b. From 12 to 15 feet, according 
to wind. (2) About 40 yards at Walmer, increasing to about 280 yards at 
No. 2 Battery. 
8. Shingle, sand, and patches of rock. 
9. a. Greatest about 450 feet; mean about 200 feet. b. Heaped up towards high- 
water mark; sand below half-tide. ce. North. d. Size of an egg, but occa- 
sionally much larger. e. No, itis heaped up and changes with every gale. 
10. At Walmer Castle accumulating; at Deal Castle variable, now accumulating; at 
Sandown Castle diminishing ; at No. 2 Battery accumulating. 
Increase. | Decrease. 
Place From To Feet Weat 
Walmer Castle. , ‘ 2 . 3 1741 1841 308 — 
.s nd e ; : A 4 sf 1841 1859 34 —— 
.. * " i 4 4 > 1859 1872 33 — 
aH rs F : : 5 , . 1872 1884 10 — 
Deal Castle . 5 ; A “ : 2 1741 1859 85 — 
39 aS - : 2 . N ‘ 1859 1872 — 40 
+ - A : $ : : 4 : 1872 1884 35 _ 
Sandown Castle . 3 , F 3 ‘ 1741 1859 —= 145 
= i J ‘ = : : ; 1859 1872 — 50 
“ a ; ; 4 = , 1872 1884 _ 5 
No. 2 Battery 4 4 . : ; F 1859 1884 140 — 
11. No. 
12. Groynes not employed. 
13. Not so removed. 
14. Yes, the cliffs are liable to landslips from action of sea at base. a. Pegwell 
Bay, Ramsgate, and Broadstairs. b. Chalk and flints: height about 65 feet. 
ce. Not known. At Broadstairs one landslip, causing a loss of 30 feet, has 
occurred since 1870. At Ramsgate a slip in 1875 set back edge of cliff about 
5 feet. d. Ordnance and other maps in Royal Engineers’ Office and Report of 
Committee on Coast Defences (confidential). e. No. 
15. No. 
16. No. 
17. Yes, between Deal and Pegwell Bay. a. Sandhills. b. Mean about 10 feet; 
greatest about 15 feet. e. They are situated in rear of shingly beach of Deal 
Roads, and bordering the mouth of the River Stour. d. No. e. Not blown, 
being old and covered with vegetation. 
18. See 14, d. 
; 
oste 
