1034 EEPORT—1 885. 
to the ‘marine limit’ oyer Norway generally. Numbers of level terrace-lines 
have been incised—chiefly in greenish clays, like brick-clays—all along the 
arable slopes east of the town between this rock-terrace and the sea. Above the 
Bay of Leangen, two miles east of town and river, and far beyond all erosive 
intinence of the latter, thirty of these lines were mapped one above another in the 
first 300 feet of ascent, a distance of one and a half mile. Many of these are small 
but extremely distinct, the earthy clays being well suited to retain sharp impressions 
of successive sea~margins, which these unequivocally are. The present coast-line, 
neatly etched out by the waves in Trondhjem and Leangen bays, is the key to 
these tiers of older ones. It also resembles them in having made little or no 
impression where the coast becomes rocky, the lines of incision in both cases stopping 
short at once when they reach the harder material. The old coast-lines are 
most numerous in well-sheltered positions. Thus a single pair of large terraces in 
an exposed situation east from Christiansten, where they face the open water of 
the fjord and the prevalent north-westerly storms, is represented in the recess 
aboye Leangen Bay by ten or twelve. The same fact is brought out on rising 
from this recess to the higher and more exposed ground. Thus, while thirty-three 
or thirty-four terraces are mapped below 350 feet (approximate) elevation, only nine 
or ten appear between that level and the rock-terraces of the upper marine limit, 
the numerical ayerage height of each terrace thus rising by more than a half. In 
recesses of the coast further east, but beyond the map, these upper terraces seem to 
be preserved in considerably greater numbers. The number actually mapped was 
forty-three, or with the two rock-terraces, forty-five. The largest number of 
terraces hitherto described at any one place in Norway seems to have been 
less than half that number. 
Some of the general conclusions of the author are as follows:—(1) These ter- 
races are all post-glacial, z.c. formed subsequent to the rock-elaciation of the district. 
This is confirmed by the condition of the high coast-cliff, which has been cut in ice~ 
rounded rock, but is not itself glaciated. It appears, however, from the fauna of 
the raised shell-banks of the country (as worked out by Sars and Kjerulf), in 
which recent shells do not rise above 380 feet, that the seas of the upper levels 
were still glacial ; and, though the Trondhjem fjord was free from land-ice, other 
deeper fjords and higher coasts may still have had glaciers coming into conflict 
with the sea, and producing the glaciated rock-terraces described elsewhere by 
Sexe. All the evidence obtained discountenances Sexe’s view that these rock- 
terraces were cut out by glaciers, as well as Carl Petersen’s that they were rasped 
out by floating ice coasting the shores, On the clay terraces coast-ice has left no 
more sign of its presence than the winter freezing of our British rivers leaves upon * 
our river terraces. (2) If the country was upraised by a succession of elevatory 
jerks, as supposed by most geologists from Keilhau downwards, most of these would 
seem to have been small—much smaller, at least, than is supposed by Kjerulf. It 
is improbable that even Leangen Bay was secluded enough to contain a record of 
all’the original coast-lines. The longer pauses and greater storms may have effaced 
an unknown number of them by a process of excision exemplified in all its stages 
by the map. It is hard to say, in fact, where the subdivision, if it could be fully 
traced out, would end. The smaller terraces remind the eye of the incised lines 
and little planes engrayed on the sandbanks bordering the rivers after a flood, 
where there is no periodicity in the subsidence of the waters. (3) The preservation 
or excision of the terraces thus seems to depend as much upon local circumstances 
—exposure to storms, resistance of coast-line, &c.—as upon anything else. It is 
impossible at present to predicate which of them shall in any given place remain, 
Whether elevation by jerks, therefore, be postulated or not, all hope of correlating 
these terraces throughout the country must be deferred until their heights have 
been accurately determined by level. The measurements hitherto made, not even 
excepting those of Professors Kjerulf and Mohn, are probably inadequate for the 
purpose. This observation seems to apply also to the terraces graven in rock. In 
their aneroid measurements of the upper strand-line at Trondhjem these observers 
differ by fifty-five feet. (5) On entering the mouth of the Trondhjem Valley the 
terraces come under an influence other than that of the sea-waves. The valley was 
