1220 REPORT— 1885. 
any satisfactory indication that there ever had been one. The deposit was usually 
divisible into three zones :— 
First, or uppermost.—Fine friabie earth, of light chocolate colour, rather dry, 
containing bones and bits of charred wood, but very few stones. Extending from 
the surface to about six inches below it. 
Second.—Moist tenacious earth, of dark colour, containing bones and bits of 
charred wood, stones lying at all angles, and commonly angular but occasionally 
rounded. From 6 to 24 inches below the surface. 
Third, or lowermost.—Coarse earth, of somewhat bright red, and rather sandy, 
differing from the higher zones by the presence of larger and more numerous stones, 
with occasional blocks of limestone and pieces of stalagmite, while charred wood 
and bones were less plentiful. 
The objects of interest met with were a few marine shells, numerous terrestrial 
shells, one joint of the vertebral column of a fish, a few bones of birds, bones of 
badger (very numerous), deer, fox, pig, sheep, hare, rabbit, small rodents, bat, two 
teeth of bear, parts of two teeth of rhinoceros, one tooth of hyena, a lower human 
jaw, and parts of two human skulls. 
There were also a few human industrial remains, including charred wood, an 
infra-human skull artificially divided, about fifty flint flakes and chips, and two 
groups of miscellaneous objects taken in by rats or other small animals, and in- 
cluding scraps of paper—many of them printed, bits of cord, very fine wood- 
shavings, and pieces of ribbon. 
4. On the Human Remains found in Happaway Cavern, Torquay. 
By J. G. Garson, M.D. 
Dr. Garson stated that the bones submitted to him by Mr. Pengelly from 
Happaway Cavern consisted of the greater part of a cranium, a mandible, and 
some fragments of the cranium of a child. The bones afforded no indication of 
being of great age. The cranium was mesaticephalic, and was distinctly different 
from either the Long or Round Barrow types, indeed, it presented mixed characters, 
and was such as might be found in any modern graveyard. 
5. On Three Stone Circles in Cumberland, with some further observations 
on the relation of Stone Circles to adjacent hills and outlying stones. 
By A. L. Lewis, M.A.I. 
The author referred to a paper read by him at the York meeting, in which he 
had shown that in eighteen circles in England and Wales there was a marked pre- 
onderance of outlying stones or prominent hills towards the N.E., and that the 
fins S.W. to N.E. was specially characteristic of circles, in opposition to the line 
N.W. to S.E., which was most usual in stone chambers. He then described three 
circles in Cumberland, bringing forward evidence as to some outlying stones not, so 
far as he knew, previously noticed, and showed that these circles conformed to the 
rule already laid down, and that, whereas the Egyptians and the Babylonians 
followed different rules of orientation, the circle builders followed the Babylonians 
rather than the Egyptians—a fact which might ultimately be found to have some 
anthropological importance. After mentioning various facts bearing upon the sub- 
ject generally, and giving a notable instance of a connection between the temple of 
another religion and a hill at some distance from it, Mr. Lewis said that in the 
relation between stone circles and adjacent hills and outlying stones suggestions 
might be found not only of sun worship, but of mountain worship and phallic 
worship, not all of which would, however, necessarily have been obvious to every 
worshipper in the circles. 
Ee A! tn oe 
