ON ISOMERIC NAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES. 219' 



of the oxidation to quinone of the Cg group in which it is located. The 

 y-disnlphonic acid — which is doubtless an a-a-derivative — readily parts 

 with both its sulphonic radicles, yielding as final products dibromonaphtha- 

 quinone and what appears to be a hexabromonaphthalene. A further 

 illustration of the stability of a /3-sulphonic radicle is afforded by the 

 behaviour of (Schaefer's) betanaphtholsulphonic acid with bromine, the 

 end product being a bromohydroxyquinones«?p/iO?i.aie. 



The results thus briefly recorded have been obtained with the 

 assistance of Messrs. F. W. Streatfield, S. Williamson, and W. P. 

 Wynne, B.Sc. 



It is anticipated that by the time of the next meeting of the Asso- 

 ciation the investigation of isomeric naphthalene derivatives will have 

 been carried sufficiently far to render possible a fairly complete statement 

 of the laws of substitution in the naphthalene series in the shape of a 

 final report. 



Report of the Committee, consisting of Professor T. McK. Hughes,. 

 Dr. 11. Hicks, and Messrs. H. Woodward, E. B. Luxmoore,. 

 P. P. Pennant, mid Edwin Morgan, appointed for the purpose 

 of exploring the Caves of North Wales. Drawn up by Dr. H. 

 Hicks, Secretary. 



The explorations conducted by the Committee have been confined to the 

 caverns of Ffynnon Benno and Cae Gwyn, in the Vale of Clwyd. These 

 caverns had been explored in preceding years by Dr. H. Hicks and Mr. 

 E. B. Luxmoore, some of the results being given in a paper communicated 

 to the Geological Section of the Association in 1885, but more fully in a 

 paper in the ' Quart. Jour. Geolog. Soc.,' Feb. 1886. 



Among the remains discovered in these two caverns up to the com- 

 mencement of the work this year there were over eighty jaws belonging to 

 various animals, and more than 1,300 loose teeth, including about 400' 

 rhinoceros, 15 mammoth, 180 hyaena, and 500 horse teeth. Other bones 

 and fragments of bones occurred also in very great abundance. Several 

 flint implements, including flakes, scrapers, and lance-heads, were found 

 in association with the bones. The most important evidence, however,, 

 obtained in the previous researches was that bearing on the physical 

 changes to which the area must have been subjected since the caverns 

 were occupied by the animals. During the excavations it became clear 

 that the bones had been greatly disturbed by water action, that the sta- 

 lagmite floor, in parts more than a foot in thickness, and massive stalac- 

 tites had also been broken and thrown about in all positions, and that 

 these had been covered afterwards by clays and sand coutainiug foreign 

 pebbles. This seemed to prove that the caverns, now 400 feet above ord- 

 nance datum, must have been submerged subsequently to their occupation 

 by the animals and by man. One of the principal objects, therefore, 

 which the Committee had in view this year was to critically examine 

 those portions of the caverns not previously explored, so as to endeavour 

 to arrive at the true cause of the peculiar conditions observed. Work 

 was commenced at the end of May and carried on during the whole of 

 June and parts of July and August. 



