ON THE CAVES OF NORTH "WALES. 



221 



boulders and narrow bands and pockets of sand, was found. Below this 

 there were about seven feet of gravel and sand, with here and there bands- 

 of red clay, having also many ice-scratched boulders. The next deposit 

 met with was a laminated brown clay, and under this was found the bone- 

 earth, a brown, sandy clay with small pebbles and with angular fragments 

 of hmestone, stalagmite, and stalactites. On June 28, in the presence of 

 Mr. G. H. Morton, F.G.S., of Liverpool, and the writer, a small but well- 

 worked flint-flake was dug up from the bone-earth on the south side of 

 the entrance. Its position was about eighteen inches below the lowest 

 bed of sand. Several teeth of hytena and reindeer, as well as fragments 



Sand 



Laminated clay 



Bone earth 

 (Bandy clay with pebbles, &c.) 



Gravel . . 

 (Mainly local materials) 



Fig. 2. — Section in Cae Gwj-n Cave, near tne New Entrance. 



Sandy clay 

 Laminated clay 



Bona earth 

 (Sandy clay with pebbles, &c.) 



Gravel 

 (Mainly local materials) 



Fig. 3. — Section in Cae Gwyn Cave, about 16 feet from the New Entrance. 



of bone, were also found at the same place, and at other points in the 

 shaft teeth of rhinoceros and a fragment of a mammoth's tooth. One 

 rhinoceros tooth was found at the extreme point examined, about six feet 

 beyond and directly in front of the entrance. It seems clear that the 

 contents of the cavern must have been washed out by marine action 

 during the great submergence in mid-glacial time, and that they were 

 afterwards covered by marine sands and by an upper-boulder clay, iden- 

 tical in character with that found at many points in the Vale of Clwyd 

 and in other places on the North Wales coast. Figs. 2 and 3 ex- 

 plain the order of the deposits as found within the cavern. Fig. 3 



