834 REPORT— 1886. 



The Gararish, on right bank of Nile, from Wady Haifa to Merawi ; they are 

 allied to the Foggara Abahdeh, but are a very mixed people, with much Arab blood, 

 and have lost the Beja type. 



The Hamvaioir extend along the desert road from Debbeh to Khartum as far as 

 Bir Gamr. They are nomads of fairly pure blood, and related to the Huv^eir of 

 Lower Egypt. Divided into several clans and number 2,000 men. 



The Shagiyeh, partly nomad, partly agricultural, on both banks of the Nile 

 from Korti to Birti, claim descent from the Beni Abbas, but are of mixed blood from 

 intermarriage with the Nuba, whom they dispossessed ; they preserve, however, their 

 Semitic type. They are divided into twelve clans ; language, Arabic. 



The Monassir, partly nomad, partly agricultural, on both banks of Nile in the 

 cataract country above Birti. They are of mLxed Arab, Nuba, and Beja blood, 

 and claim descent from Mausiir, brother of Abad, the grandfather of the 

 Ababdeh. 



The Rohatab are semi-nomads, and occupy the country in the bend of the Nile 

 at Abu Hamed. They are of mixed Arab and Niiba blood, and claim descent from 

 the Beni Abbas. 



The Hassaniyeh are pure nomads in the desert between Abudom and the Nile, 

 opposite Shendi ; a small tribe given to robbery. 



The Jdalin on both banks of the Nile from Abu Hamed to Khartum ; of Arab 

 origin, claiming descent from Koreish ; partly nomad, partly agricultural ; some of 

 the clans have largely intermarried with the Nuba. The Semitic type is clear, 

 though different from the Shagiyeh. They are divided into a large number of 

 clans. The Jailin and Shagiyeh have adopted the non-Semitic custom of cutting 

 the face. 



The Battahin, on the Blue Nile near Khartiim, appear to be of mixed Arab and 

 Nuba blood. 



The Shukriyeh are nomads between the Atbara and the Blue Nile, and 

 apparently of Arab origin. 



The Baggara tribes of Kerdofan are true nomad Arabs ; the date of their 

 arrival in the Sudan is uncertain, but they appear to have gradually drifted up the 

 Nile valley. They are little known, but amongst the tribes are the Duguaim, 

 Jawameah, Hamr, Jalaydat, Hawazim, Bedayriah, Kenana, Howara, and Beni 

 Gerar. 



III. mha. 



The Niiba are an essentially agricultural people and indigenous to the country. 

 They form the population of the Nile valley from Assiian to Korti, and are widely 

 scattered over Sennar, Kordofan, and Darfiir. They speak a language called 

 Rotana. In Kemis they are much mixed with Arab blood, and some families claim 

 descent from the Koreish. The purest Niiba blood is found in Jebel Daier, Jebel 

 Takalla, and Dar Nuba, where the people have maintained their independence. 



2. On the Butch in South Africa. By Miss F. S. Alliott. 



3, On the Celtic and Oermanic Besigns on Runic Crosses. 

 By Professor Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.E.S., F.S.A. 



In dealing with the ornamentation of Runic crosses it is very generally assumed 

 by archaeologists, that the early Irish MSS., such as the Book of Kells and the 

 illuminated gospels of St. Guthbert and St. Chad, are of pure Irish art, and that 

 consequently the interlacing ' rope ' or ' basket ' work pattern is distinctly Irish and 

 Celtic. It is, however, an assumption which may readily be disposed of by an 

 appeal to the distribution of the designs on ornaments and monuments in the 

 British Isles, and in France, Scandinavia, and Germany. We will consider them 

 under two heads. 1st. The scroll, spiral, and flamboyant work, consisting of 

 graceful combinations of curves ; and, secondly, the interlacing work, more or less 

 square and angular — the ' rope ' or ' basket.' The first of these two styles first 



