TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 841 



races in tliis district — a fusion which has heen going- on ever since, and by which the 

 Iberic type is at the present time being slowly obliterated. The Iberic type still 

 lingers in the Vale of Clwyd, but even within my memory it has become rarer 

 than it formerly was. 



3. On the recent Exploration of Sowls's Barroiv. By W. Cunnington. 



Mr. Cunnington described some further explorations he and his brother have 

 recently made of Bowls's Barrow, near Heytesbury, in South Wilts. The re- 

 searches have been made at the east end of the barrow, where the original cist has 

 been found empty, but with a skull near it ; several other skuUs were also found in 

 a more or less broken condition. Facing the floor of the barrow, near where the 

 skeleton was found, was a black unctuous earth which, on recent examination, has 

 been found to contain a large quantity of ammoniacal salts. Separated from the cist, 

 at the east end of the barrow, several horns of oxen have been found, in addition to 

 those already found some years ago. The skulls and other human remains which 

 have been found are primary burials, and were covered by large blocks of Sarsen 

 stone, some weighing from 200 lbs. to 300 lbs. 



4. On Crania and other Bones, from Bowls's Barrow, in Wiltshire. 

 By J. G-. Garson, M.D. 



The skulls recently obtained by Mr. Cunnington from Bowlss Barrow are of 

 large size, and long and narrow in form. The average proportion of the breadth 

 of the skulls to their length is as 72'1 to 100. Two of the skulls are hyper- 

 dolichocephalic, that is to say, they have a cephalic index laying from 65-70 ; three 

 are dolichocephalic, 70-75 ; and one is mesaticephalic, 75-80. In general outlines they 

 present two distinct forms, namely, elongated oval, and what is called coffin- 

 shaped. The ridges above the nose and eyes are fully marked and the»skulls have 

 generally a smooth appearance. The nose is straight and the teeth are much worn. 

 They also conform in every respect to the Long Barrow type, and are all those of 

 adult males. Many of them bear the marks of sharp-cutting instruments. These 

 circumstances seem to point out the probabiUty of the barrow being the burial- 

 place of those who have fallen in war. Besides the skulls there were numerous 

 bones of the extremities found. These were generally strong, and the muscular 

 ridges well marked, showing the people to have had good muscular development. 

 Of the existing inhabitants of this country the Iberian race inhabiting parts of 

 Wales and the West of England seem to be the descendants of this Long Barrow 

 race. 



5. On a Scrohicularia Bed containing Human Bones, at Newton Ahbot, 

 Devonshire. By W. Pengellt, F.B.8., F.0.8. 



This communication consisted of a description of a bed of fine sandy mud, 

 11 feet thick, crowded from top to bottom with shells of Scrohicularia piper ata, 

 and recently discovered near the head of the tidal estuary of the River Teign, 

 Devonshire. Its top was 1 foot above the level of the highest spring tides in the 

 estuary, and its bottom 3 feet above the level of low water. At a depth of 10 feet 

 in the bed were found the following human bones : a skull, part of the left superior 

 maxiUa containing two teeth, a right scapula, and a right femur — all believed to be 

 of the age of the deposition of the part of the bed in which they lay. There is 

 apparently no doubt, from the presence of the Sa-obiculari<e, that since the era of 

 the deposition the entire district has undergone an upheaval not less than 14 feet, 

 nor more than 27 feet ; the same upheaval, in all probability, which elevated the 

 raised beach of Hope's Nose — about 7 miles S.E. of the Scrohicularia bed — as well 

 as those extending thence, at intervals, to the Land's End of England. 



