BATE OF EKOSION OF THE SEA-COASTS OP ENGLAND AND -WALES. 853 



4. South-west. 



5. a. North-east to south-east. b. East. 



7. Width is from 100 to 200 feet at spring tides; up to about 150 feet at neap tides. 



8. Sand and shingle. 



12. Groynes are employed in Norfolk and Suffolk, a. At right angles. t>. From 



80 to 150 feet. c. Varying from 40 to 300 feet. e. Pitch-pine generally. 



f. In some cases raising the beach 4 feet. 

 14. At Gorleston, Suffolk, the cliff has gone back from 200 to 300 feet within the 



last forty years, b. Sand, height SO to 90 feet. c. Within the last six years 



gone back GO feet. e. No. 



6. ■Weybourn to Happisburgh. 



By Alfred C. Savin, Church Street, Cromer, Norfolk. 



1. Norfolk, from Weybourn to Happisburgh, a distance of about twenty-five miles. 



2. A flat foreshore, backed by lofty cliffs, a. Sand, gravel, and clay. b. (1) 



About 250 feet; (2) about 150 feet.' (?) From Cromer they decline on both 

 sides until at Hasbro' and Weybourn they disappear altogetlier. 



3. South-east to north-west 



4. East and north-east.' (?) 



5. a. North-east. b. It varies, but as all the large beds of shingle are to the north 



of Cromer, a gale from that direction is the best. c. North, as the set of the 

 tide is from that direction. 

 €• About north-west. 



7. (1) a. About 18 feet. b. About 8 or 10 feet. (2) Sometimes as great as 500 



yards, but is very variable, as it greatly depends on the state of the beach, 

 the wind, &c., so that it is impossible to state correctly the distance. 



8. Shingle and sand. 



9. Shingle : — a. In scattered beds, except at West Kunton, Sherringham, and Wey- 



bourn. b. From high-water mark to about half low. c. North-easterly. '(?) 

 d. From the size of a goose egg to that of a pigeon. e. At Weybourn, 

 Sherringham, and West Runton it is piled up in regular steps, and protects 

 the cliffs from the sea ; but at Cromer and at all the villages to the east 

 it occurs in small detached beds of no great size. 



10. There is no perceptible decrease at Weybourn, Sherringham, and West Runton ; 



but at Cromer it is steadily diminishing. 



11. Entirely due to artificial abstraction. 



12. Yes, at nearly all the villages on the coast, a. At right angles, b. From 50 to 



100 yards, c. Some half a mile, others about a quarter of a mile, and all inter- 

 mediate distances, d. (1) First built at Cromer about fifty years ago. (2) 

 Sometimes about 6 feet, at another time not so much ; very variable. (3) It 

 greatly depends on which portion j^ou measure, as against tlie cUff it is level 

 with the top, but down by the sea both sides will be of the same level, e. 

 Pine and fir. f. I think if it had not been for the groynes Cromer would have 

 been waslied away years ago, for when a hole is made in a groyne it rapidly 

 lowers the level of the beach. 



13. [The following statements a to c refer to Cromer. — W. T.] Yes. a. From high- 



water mark to about half low- water mark. b. For road-metal and building ; 

 but by far the larger quantity is sent by rail to Runcorn for china-making, &c. 

 c. By men who get their living by carting shingle, sand, &c. Lord Suffield 

 and B. Bond Cabbell, lords of the manor, d. Yes ; but only at Cromer and 

 East Runton, as they are the only places where the beach is removed to any 

 extent. 



14. Yes, on the whole coast, excepting parts protected by a sea-wall. a. At Cromer, 



Overstrand, Sidestrand, Trimmingbam, Mundesley, Bacton, and Happisburgh ; 

 all the villages named are on the east side of Cromer, b. Clay, sand, and 

 gravel ; from 250 feet at Cromer to about 4 feet at Hasbro', where the cliffs 

 end. c. It is stated on good authority at about 2 yards per year. d. Such 



' [These statements do not quite agrpe with those given b}' Mr. C. Reid. — W. T.] 



