CiLENTo— Artificially Distorted Skulls 327 



The pressure on tlie occipital being increased, and that of the forehead being" 

 continued, we should arrive at the raised cuneiform deformation (deformation 

 cuneiforme relevee) of Gosse, which is characteristic of the Nahuas, their 

 descendants, the Natchez, certain of the Chinooks, and in another part of the 

 world, the Tahitians. The most celebrated \ariety is the deformation 

 trilobee. In the form of a trefoil, of the Island of Sacrificios, in the Gulf of 

 Mexico, which is produced by a supplementary band beginning at the occiput, 

 passing up oxer the mid-line and bifurcating in the middle of the sagittal 

 suture to reach the temporal fossae. Things remaining thus, if the frontal 

 pressure is made higher the middle Kjbe disappears, and we have the cordiform 

 deformit}- and not the bilobed. 



"Ill the second kind, or couche, the frontal pressure was greater, it being 

 exerted over the whole surface of the bone, while the counter-pressure was 

 exerted lower, was very slight, or none at all (the point d'appui then passed 

 through the vertebral column j: the skull therefore became elongated behind 

 without obstruction. In the generalit}- of cases, however, a supplementary 

 pressure was made on the vertex. Hence we hud on the upper surface of 

 these skulls from before backwards: (1) a frontal depression or flattening, 

 (1) a firegmatic projection, (3) a post-bregniatic depression, (A) a swelling 

 formed by the wdiole mass of the receding skull. 



"The flattening of the forehead — which is sometimes immoderatel}" 

 receding — took the name among certain peoples, (jf deformation of courage 

 (deformation du courage). In the kind termed dresse, the lorehead was 

 more frequently widened and more elevated ; in this, it is usually narrower, 

 longer and lower. One of the consequences of this is that the roof of the 

 orbits is dei^ressed and that the eyelmlls are prominent by being made to 

 project. There are three species of this deformation or distortion: (1) the 

 cuneiform deformation (deformation cuneiforme couchee) of Gosse, which is 

 very marked in the Caribs of the .\ntilles, the northern Guaranis, and some 

 North American tribes near \'ancouver Island. The majority of the 

 Chinooks, and other flatheads (tetes plates) from the Columbia River, 

 described b_\- JNlorton, are in the same category. (2) The elongated sym- 

 metrical deformation (deformation symetrique allongee) of Morton, in use 

 among the ancient .Aymaras. (3) The macrocephalic deformation (deforma- 

 tion macrocephale) of Europe, which in France has given origin to the annular 

 (annulaire) variety of Foville, and the bilobed (bilobee) of Lunier — observed 

 m the departments of the Lower Seine and the two Sevres — and to the simple 

 frontal or 'T(julousainc" \ariety, so named from the country in which it has 

 been speciall_\- noticed. 



