Referate. 403 
I. Round fruit was dominant to pear shaped fruit, the result supposedly 
being due to the dominance of the open corolla of the former over the long 
constricted corolla of the latter. 
2. Two-celled ovaries were dominant to many-celled, the F, generation 
from five distinct crosses showing 95 two-celled fruits to 25 many-celled fruits. 
It is interesting in this connection that one of the two-celled varieties used in 
this series of crosses belongs to a distinct species, Z. pimpinellifolium, 
3. Conic shape was dominant to oblate or roundish-compressed shape. 
4. Colors of flesh and skin were found to be dominant to their absence, 
thus corroborating the earlier results of Hurst. 
5. In the F, generation of crosses between pubescent and smooth types, 
a peculiar condition resulted, no explanation of which is attempted by the 
author. In this generation 11 pubescent and 4 smooth plants resulted. Selfed 
pubescent plants gave 16 pubescent to 8 smooth in the F, generation, while 
selfed smooth plants gave 20 smooth to 4 pubescent. 
6. In the F, generation of a cross between green and yellow foliage, the 
plants were all green. In the next generation 118 green and 38 yellow plants 
were produced. 
7. Normal or cut leaf foliage dominated entire or potato leaf foliage, the 
F, generation producing 138 cut leafed to 50 entire leafed plants. 
8. Standard stature dominated dwarf stature, the figures in the F, gene- 
ration being 36 : 12. 
Probably the most important result is the fact that in crosses between 
L. pimpinellifolium and L. esculentum, the characters observed behaved in 
exactly the same manner as when varieties of the latter species were crossed. 
East, New Haven, Conn. 
Orton, W. A. On the Theory and Practice of Breeding Disease-resistant Plants. 
Ann. Rpt. Amer. Breeders’ Assn. 4 pp. 144—156. 1908. Text fig. 7. 
From investigations conducted by the author he concludes that anatomical 
differences between plants have little to do with variation in their resistance 
to parasitic fungi. He has found no correlation between disease resistance and 
thickness of cell walls or epidermis, or presence of hairs. 
Immunity appears to be the result of the formation of inhibiting enzyems 
or anti-bodies analogous to those developed in animal circulatory systems. 
These products are inherited as unit characters. Segregation occurs, but it 
cannot be definitely stated that Mendelian ratios are secured in every case. 
The obvious conclusion is that while we cannot hope to originate the quality 
of disease resistance, it is entirely possible to breed disease-resistant varieties 
when the quality already exists in the species in question or in another species 
that will hybridize with it.“ East, New Haven, Conn. 
Grosch, P. Phylogenetische Korallenstudien. (Die Axophylliden.) Zeitschr. 
d. deutsch. geol. Ges. 61. 1909. S. 1—38, 8 Textfig., ı Tafel. 
Vielfach wird heute noch eine Einteilung der Korallen in die paläozoischen 
Tetracorallier oder Rugosen einerseits und die jüngeren Hexacorallier anderer- 
seits, sowie in Madreporaria porosa und Madreporaria aporosa aufrecht er- 
halten, obwohl schon die verschiedensten Forscher darauf hingewiesen haben, 
daß die Formen dieser Abteilungen auseinander hervorgegangen sind. Aus- 
gehend von den paläozoischen Axophylliden, versucht es der Verfasser die 
Nachkommen dieser Gruppe der Rugosen unter den jüngeren Korallen auf- 
zufinden und ihre phylogenetische Entwicklung, unabhängig von den oben 
Induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre. I, 26 
