60 White. 



as illustrated by Nicotiana tahacum fasciata, iu which the phyllotaxy 

 is distorted and the number of leaves in extreme cases is increased 

 from the normal 24 to 160, the fluctuating arc for the fasciated race 

 being- from 28 to 160. Occasionally fasciated plants of Nicotana pro- 

 duce from the same point on the stem, two leaves, wliich have the 

 appearance of resulting from a post-genital fusion. J. C. Costerus and 

 J. J. Smith (1896) describe a fasciated plant of HymenocalUs senegamhia 

 which produced all gradations between single normal leaves, partly fused 

 leaves, and two independent leaves attached to the same point on the 

 main axis. The leaves on fasciated stems may be smaller than those 

 of normal stems, if there has been a very great increase iu number. 

 In clovers and other pinnately-leaved plants, the presence of the anomaly 

 may increase the number of pinnae (Kajanus 1912). 



Inflorescence. Fasciation may express itself in this organ of 

 the plant by greatly increasing the number of flower-bearing twigs or 

 by suppressing the production of flowers altogether. In the former case, 

 if the twigs (pedicles or peduncles) remain unfused, a "witch -broom" 

 effect is produced, such as occurs in Erigeron, Nicotiana, and some 

 plumose t}^es of Celosia cristata. Wlien the floral twigs are shortened, 

 and the main floral axis is broadened out into a fan -shaped, truncate 

 structure, a "combed" type is produced such as is found in the dwarf 

 races of cockscomb and in Phyllodadus glauca. All gradations exist 

 between these two main types of inflorescence. In either type, 

 bifurcated and multi-radiate crowns may occur. Inflorescences have also 

 been observed in which the anomaly expresses itself very slightly, perhaps 

 only in the "apparent" fusion of two or more of the terminal pedicles. 



Flowers. Flowers borne upon fasciatad stems are usually, 

 although not necessarily, altered in structure, as is evidenced by the 

 normal floral organs of Pisum s. umbellatum. Alterations commonly 

 take the form of a repetition of parts that may extend even to the 

 locules of the anthers, in linear arrangement of parts, and in hypertrophy 

 and atrophy. In the first case (polyphylly) repetitions may occur that 

 include any one or any combination of the four whorls of organs. The 

 lowest whorl (calyx) is most likely to be modified, and the likeliliood 

 of alteration of the other three follows in the order of their axial 

 attachment. There is, however, no close correlation between the increase 

 in number of parts in the separate whorls, as far as I was able to 

 observe in Nicotiana. The repetition in Geranium molle fasciatum 

 de Vries, is said to represent a series of duplication of whorls, the 



