52 White. 



Fruits. The term "fruits" is used iu a general sense and not 

 in its strictly technical meaning. The seed capsules of Nicotiana t. 

 fasciata are frequently distorted, hypertropliied and atrophied structures, 

 always having an increased number of locules. Pasciated medlar fruits 

 (Owen 1885) have been recorded which are curved like a ram's horn 

 and possess 40 instead of 5 calyx teeth. Ferhaps the most striking 

 example of the effect of fasciation on fruits, may be found in certain 

 varieties of the pine-apple. Ananas sativus. The "pine-apple" of course 

 is a multiple fruit, in reality a mature inflorescence, so that properly, 

 this example should be described as fasciation of the inflorescence. 

 Cook (1906) describes the following variations of the anomalous pine- 

 apple fruits: fruits with 2 separate crowns, with two united crowns, 

 with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13 separate and compound crowns; flattened 

 faushaped compound fruits enlarged by a more or less continuous series 

 of crowns. A specimen of the latter character, weighing 18 pounds, 

 and containing 71 crowns, was observed (Fig. 4). Conard (1901) 

 mentions the occurrence of large fasciated fruits on the commercial 

 variety of strawberry "Clyde". 



Seedlings. Seedlings of fasciated dicotyledonous plants not 

 infrequently posses more than the normal pair of cotyledons, but even 

 in such hereditary races of the anomaly as Nicotiana iahacum fasciata 

 and Celosia cristata, the great majority of the young plants are normal. 



a) Morphological theories. 



Two theories regarding the morphological nature of the fasciated 

 organs have been advocated, each by a famous botanist. Moquin- 

 T an don holds that fasciation is the result of the flattening (enlargement) 

 of a single growing point. Linne, on the other hand, held it to be 

 the result of an increase in number of buds that, owing to their crowded 

 quarters, subsequently fused. A discussion of the arguments for and 

 against each theory is given in Masters' Vegetable Teratology (1869), 

 Masters liimself, concludes in favor of the opinion advanced by Linne. 

 Recent investigators on the anatomical structure of fasciations are 

 inclined to agree with Moquin-Tandon, as the internal vascular 

 structure does not appear to uphold the "concrescence theory" of Linne. 

 Compton (1911) on the basis of detailed investigation of ring fasciation 

 in Pisum s. umhellatum concludes the anomaly to be the enlargement 

 of a single growing point; although he advances a suggestion which 



