66 White. 



to fasciation as far as transmission was concerned, for seeds of self- 

 fertilized normals produced prog-eny in which the percentage of fasciated 

 individuals was nearly as high as that from seed of self -fertilized 

 abnormal plants. Some fasciated races were poor as regards somatic 

 expression, others were rich, and a race producing few anomalous plants 

 could not be induced by selection to give a higher percentage of them. 

 Ruhia tinctorum and Pedicularis palustris are typical examples of the 

 former, in cultural trials producing the anomaly in very few individuals, 

 even under what appear to be the most favorable environmental con- 

 ditions (de Vries, 1906, p. 410). These poor races are technically known 

 as half races. 



On the other hand, the rich races (eversporting or "middle" races) 

 often gave as high as 50 per cent fasciated progeny. 



Crepis biennis (fasciated) is a typical example of the latter and I 

 will recount its history in the Amsterdam garden as it is related by 

 de Vries. 



Crepis biennis is commonly fasciated in Holland and de Vries 

 found two such plants growing among hundreds of normal plants in a 

 meadow near Hilversum in 1886 (Fig. 5). From the normals, he collected ripe 

 seed and from this seed grew about 100 plants in 1887 — 88, 12 per cent 

 of which were fasciated. Seed from fasciated plants of this generation 

 gave 120 plants, of which 40 per cent showed fasciated rosettes the 

 first year. The remainder were destroyed. Of the 40 per cent fas- 

 ciated individuals, three of the finest fasciated plants were selected and 

 used as seed parents for the next (4 th) generation, which gave 30 per 

 cent fasciated plants. The fifth generation gave 24 per cent; the sixth 

 was very rich in the anomaly, although no exact figures are given. The 

 seventh generation produced only 20 per cent fasciated progeny, only 

 rosettes of the first year being counted. The eighth generation was 

 sown on a small scale and no percentage is recorded. The hereditary 

 constitution of this race is said to be fairly constant under normal 

 conditions and the average percentage of fasciated indi\iduals fluctuates 

 between 30 and 40. 



Out of 350 plants raised from seed of isolated normal (atavist) 

 individuals of the Crepis biennis fasciata race, about 20 per cent were 

 fasciated. Again in 1895, 41 individuals of Crepis biennis fasciata were 

 abundantly manured with horn meal. Under these conditions, the number 

 of fasciated individuals rose to 85 per cent, the race under ordinary 

 conditions at tliis time, producing 20 to 40 per cent. In the manured 



