204 Referate. 



Neresheimer, Eugen. Blutsverwandtschaft und Serumreaktion bei Salmoniden. 



In: Berichte der k. Bayer. Biolog. \'er.suchs,station in München. Bd. II. 

 1909. S. 79 — 87. 



Verfasser injizierte einem Kaninchen Bachforellenblut und stellte so ein 

 Anti-Bachforellenserum her, auf welches er iq Süßwasserfische prüfte. Es 

 gaben Bachforelle, Seeforelle, Lachs volle, Bachsaibling. Seesaibling starke, 

 Huchen mäßige, Regenbogenforelle mittlere, Äsche, Maräne schwache, Hecht 

 sehr schwache Reaktion. Dagegen verliefen Versuche mit anderen Süßwasser- 

 fischen \vie Cyprinoiden, Gaditen und Acanthopteren völlig negativ, auch mit 

 sehr stark wirkendem Antiserum. 



Es wurde auch die Geschwindigkeit bis zum Eintreten der Reaktion ge- 

 messen und die Zahlen in einer Tabelle vereinigt. Doch konnte diese kein 

 Kriterium für den Grad der Verwandtschaft büden. 



Die Zahlen der Präzipitatmenge jedoch sind für die Erkenntnis der Ver- 

 wandtschaft wichtig. Sie stimmen mit der durch anatomische Untersuchungen 

 festgestellten Befunde überein. daß die Truttaarten als geschlossene Gruppe 

 der Bachforelle näher stehen, als die ebenfalls unter sich geschlossene Gruppe 

 der Salmo-Arten. M. Hilzheimer-Stuttgart. 



Nettleship, E., On some hereditary diseases of the eye. (Being the Bowman 

 Lecture.) Trans. Ophthal. Soc. Vol. 29, 1909. 



Carefully collected pedigrees dealing with the human species are still 

 scarce enough to give a peculiar value to a paper like the present one. The 

 author has collected together a large number of cases, partly from the literature, 

 partly from personal observation, dealing with certain hereditär}- diseases of the 

 eye. The paper treats more especially of cataract (prenatal, lamellar, and con- 

 genital), retinitis pigmentosa, night blindness, Leber's disease, and hereditary 

 nystagmus where the available data are more abundant, but sundry other 

 diseases are touched upon where the evidence is scantier. The pedigrees are 

 throughout rendered more valuable because the annotations of the author 

 are the critical notes of an acknowledged authority. 



Two forms of transmission are distinguished viz. continuous and dis- 

 continuous. In the former, among which are to be numbered prenatal and 

 congenital cataract, congenital night blindness and certain cases of retinitis 

 pigmentosa, the affection is only transmitted by individuals who themselves 

 suffer from it, and the author suggests that if allowances are made for defective 

 observation the affected condition may be regarded as behaving like a Men- 

 delian dominant to the normal. In pedigrees where discontinuous descent 

 is the rule it is usual for the disease to be transmitted to the male by the 

 unaffected female, and this form of transmission is the more usual one in 

 Leber's disease. In other families however which are affected by the same 

 disease it may be transmitted to the females as well as to the males. Discon- 

 tinuous descent is also to be found in some families where retinitis pigmentosa 

 occurs, so that this disease, as well as Leber's, may apparently be inherited on 

 more than one scheme. What these schemes are is at present obscure. The 

 author is inclined to consider that in these complex cases there may exist some 

 form of correlation between the disease under consideration and some other 

 disease, and he instances the fact that retinitis pigmentosa, progressive nerve 

 deafness, and feeblemindedness or idiocy seem capable of acting as mutual 

 equivalents or substitutes. Albinism agam, according to the author, is com- 

 plicated with defects of the nervous .system in a disproportionate number of 



