212 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 
moisture present is greater than is ordinarily the case. Those 
species which are decidedly hydrophytic, or show tendencies 
in this direction, are some of the species of Adiantum, Asplen- 
ium cristatum, and the species of Hymenophyllum and Tricho- 
manes. Epiphytic species include Asplenium praemorsum and 
sulcatum, Nephrolepis pectinata, Polypodium angustifolium, 
aureum, lanceolatum, lepidopteris, polypodioides, and thyssan- 
olepis. Over one half of the species of Polypodium found on 
the islands are epiphytic in habit, all but one, in fact, being 
habitually so. Fern brakes of considerable size are formed 
by Nephrolepis biserrata, and Pteris aquilina var. esculenta, 
while Polypodium squamatum often forms low brakes one to 
two feet high in moist shady places in the transition region. 
Hemutelia multiflora is the only tree fern, and is confined to 
the upper parts of three of the higher islands. Ferns have 
now been found on all of the important islands of the group 
except Barrington, Culpepper, Seymour, and Tower, the con- 
ditions on these islands being too dry to support even the more 
xerophytic species. The water ferns are of relatively little 
importance in the archipelago, being represented by a species 
each of Azolla and Salvinia. 
The Lycopodiaceae are represented by five species of Lyco- 
podium, all of which occur in the moist and grassy regions of 
the islands. Two of the species are epiphytic and the remain- 
ing three terrestrial. The Equisetaceae are represented by a 
single species, Equisetum bogotense, which occurs in a very 
small area on the top of one of the mountains on Albemarle 
Island. 
SPERMATOPHYTA 
Monocotyledoneae 
The Gramineae are the fourth largest family, in number of 
species, found on the islands. By far the largest number of 
the species are confined to the dry and transition regions, the 
moist region being too shady, in most places, to support an 
abundant growth of grass. The only grass of any importance 
which occurs above the transition region is Paspalum conju- 
gatum, which often covers extensive areas in the grassy region 
and forms an important forage grass for the cattle and other 
domesticated animals on the islands. Grasses which occur 
