GcoIogiCcal and Orological Notes. 239 



with lapilli and pumice. The slopes of these hills especially on 

 the seaside are generally very steep, as a rule even inaccessible. 

 Of the plains that are to be found in St. Eustatius only the large 

 one that connects the two mountainous parts is of importance. 

 If we include in the plain that part only of which the general 

 declivity does not surpass 4 degrees, the extent of it may be 

 estimated at 5 D km. A small plain at 0.5 D km. may more- 

 over be found in the Quill whereas there are some level parts 

 in the Concordiavalley and the A^enusvalley. 

 The formation of dells takes place on a small scale. In the northcirn 

 part of the island are of importance the two large valleys that 

 open upon the A'enusbay, the Concordiabay and Tumblodown- 

 dickbay. 



These valleys are bordoi'ed by I'ocks suddenly rising fi'om the plain. 

 The average declivity of these rocks is seldem less than 30° 

 and often exceeds 50°. 



In the southern part of the island few dells are to be found. 

 The outside of the principal volcano is furrowed by numerous, 

 narrow and deep ravines, the so called „guts" which show a 

 beginning of dell formation by erosion. 



Running water is found nowhere in St. Eustatius but during the 

 heavy showers that will sometimes fall in the rainy season 

 all aforesaid valleys and ravines are turned into beds of strong 

 currents which by their havy fall and temporary considerable 

 masses of water possess a great force in carrying off. 

 The coast of St. Eustatius is partly a steep coast partly a flat 

 one bordering the precipices. 



A steep coast occurs in the whole northern part except in places 

 where valleys face the sea. In the southern part a steep coast is 

 found on the eastern border ot the White Wall as far as Gallows- 

 l)ay and moreover in some places east of the \yhite Wall. A flat 

 coast bordering the precipices occurs near Oranje Bay and on the 

 other side of the Island near Concordiabay, Turtlebay and further 

 in most places on the south-eastern and southern side. An easily 

 practicable sandy beach, nowhere broader than 50 m. is to be 

 found only near Oranjebay the Concordialiay and Turtlebay. 

 The beach on the south-eastern siile is no more than 10 to 20 m. 

 wide and is covered by pieces of rock worn by the seawater. 



Saba. 



The isle of Saba extends from 17° 37' 10" to 17° 39' IS" N. and 

 from 63° 12' 25" to 68° 15' 5" N. 



