18 CARL SKOTTSBERG, (Schwed. Südpolar-Exp. 
In my voyage of 1909 I also saw some parts of the coast between Cumberland 
Bay and Bay of Isles, where we made an excursion round a cove called Rosita 
Harbour by the Norwegian whalers.. The snow did not allow of any detailed ob- 
servations; all I could see was that vegetation bore just the same general stamp as 
elsewhere. 
VII. The plant associations. 
’ 
If one takes the conception “formation” in a wide sense, all the vegetation in 
South Georgia may be described as /undra. We have, however, already seen that 
the vegetation round the shore is different from that further inland, that boggy 
places are met with &ca: there are several associations. The inland tundra is rather 
uniform and shows little variation on different kinds of soil — it must be remenbered 
that the rock in itself offers little variation. The swampy spots do not break the 
general impression given by the tundra. Only the Poa-association deserves to be 
treated separately. Nobody, who had wandered among tussocks, nearly attaining 
the height of a man, should feel inclined to speak of “tundra” in this case. 
After having studied /oa flabellata in Fuegia, the Falklands and South Georgia, 
I must regard it as an halophilous plant, confined to the vicinity of the sea; stray 
specimens sometimes, but rarely, are found at some short distance from the beach. 
The always very marked difference between the Zoa-association and the inland 
tundra must be emphasized here, especially as it has all been mixed up by WARMING 
in his Oecology of plants. Here we find on p. 200 the “tussock-formation” of 
Patagonia (where?), the Falklands and South Georgia described among the “Oxy- 
lophytes”” and mentioned in connexion with other “grass-heath”. On p. 214 we 
find that, according to WILL, Acaena adscendens produces “heath” in South Georgia. 
On p. 260, we again meet the tussock-grass of our island, but now among the 
“psychrophytes”. I quote the following passage: “In South Georgia fell-held is essen- 
tially formed by scattered tufts of Poa flabellata —— — Between the tussocks 
only few species grow. On the Falkland Islands the tussock-grass is also common. 
But the fell-field is much richer in forms here. There occur evergreen dwarfshrubs, 
Chtiliotrichum amelloideum, Pernettya empetrifolia, which often rise to true heath. 
In addition we find here the peculiar cushion-like umbelliferous Azorella caespitosa*.” 
But, this “psychrophilous fell-hield” of tussock-grass in South-Georgia in the same 
association described before as the oxylophilous “tussock-formation”. And the 
“fell-hield” in the Falklands as described by WARMING, consists of two very different 
associations — one is the pure Poa-fabellata-a., the other is the inland tundra, as 
the heath down here is more appropriately styled. 
2 That is Bolax gummifera (LAM.) SPRENG. (= Azorella caespitosa VAHL »02 Cav.). 
