134 REPORT—1883. 
Limestone roof ft. in. 
1. Laminated clay . “ ; , : s £0 
2. Sand, with layers of sandy clay, and numerous 
angular and subangular stones. . -ll 6 
3. Sandy clay with rounded stones ; - cee fe) 0) 
The uppermost stratum was composed of fine unctuous laminew of 
bluish clay, which turns a brown colour by exposure to the atmosphere ; 
between each lamina of clay there is a minute layer of very fine sand, by 
means of which thin sheets of clay can be removed of considerable size. 
The middle stratum of sand contains numerous boulders of stone, mostly 
subangular in form. These, so far as the Committee have had an oppor- 
tunity of examining them, are composed principally of limestone and 
grit rock. No bones have been found in this bed. The third or lowest 
stratum is a brown sandy clay, containing numerous well-rounded. water- 
worn pebbles of limestone and sandstone, apparently derived from rocks 
occurring in the neighbourhood. Intermixed with these, especially near 
the base of the section, are numerous bones and teeth. The sands and 
clays surrounding or forming the matrix of the bones are cemented 
together, forming a hard mass enclosing the animalremains. The bones, 
for the most part, when newly exposed, are very soft and friable, and 
being cemented in the hard matrix, it rarely happens that a bone can be 
secured which retains its original form; they split and break in any 
direction with the matrix, and remain imbedded in it. Both the pebbles 
and the external surface of the bones are of a dark chocolate colour. 
The material was removed from the base of the quarry backwards, 
and a considerable number of bones were found in the lowest stratum 
exposed. After penetrating for a distance of 15 feet, the fissure was 
terminated in this direction by a vertical wall of limestone, well rounded 
and waterworn; and from this point the fissure descended almost vertically 
for a distance of about 27 feet. The limestone, which formed a wall 
between the fissure and the face of the quarry, constantly increased in 
thickness as the work of excavation proceeded. It had to be removed, 
and at 27 feet below the lower surface of the opening, at the commence- 
ment, the fissure extended 19 feet into the limestone. The vertical 
fissure is filled up for a portion of its depth by bone-earth, similar in 
character to No. 3 in the section given above, but towards the bottom 
there is in front a large mass of yellow clay with large angular blocks of 
limestone. The space betwixt this clay and the southern wall is filled 
with bone-earth. Ata depth of 3 or 4 feet below the level of the fissure, 
or 31 feet from the top of the opening, there was found the broken pieces 
of a large tusk of an elephant; a portion is missing and could not be 
found. Along with the tusk were numerous other bones of the elephant, 
including several large teeth. There were also bones, well-preserved 
teeth and tusks of the hippopotamus, the latter mostly in fragments, only 
two specimens being found which were perfect. Teeth of the hyzna were 
numerous, and in most instances seemed to be those of adult animals, 
the points being well worn. Hxamples of Rhinoceros leptorhinus and 
the broken horn of a roebuck (Cervus capreolus) were found in the upper 
part of the cave. Except the teeth, which are generally in a good state 
of preservation, the remaining bones were nearly all fragmentary, and so 
imbedded in the hard cemented matrix that it is almost impossible to 
ascertain to what animal they belonged. Below the point indicated above 
the fissure branches in two directions. One proceeds eastwards, and is 
