150 REPORT— 1883. 
water derived from the Carboniferous Limestone, which does not per- 
colate, it is a question whether the purifying process would be always 
satisfactory. 
APPENDIX I.—INFORMATION OBTAINED IN 1882-3. 
By C. E. Dr Rance. 
Information collected by C. E. De Rance, F.G.S. 
Underground Water in the Oolites at Birdlip, near Gloucester —The 
escarpment overhanging the Vale of the Severn, near Gloucester, consists 
of the following sequence of oolitic rocks at Leckhampton Hill :— 
Great Oolite : 5 ‘ F : ; : -- 
Fuller’s Earth . a, pits : " ; . 20 feet. 
Inferior Oolite . § 5 3 7 ‘ ey: eee 
Lias Sands ‘ 5 é é i : SOs 
Upper Lias Clay S 5 : 200 sy 
The Great Oolite and the upper part of the Fuller is permeable, and 
the water is supported by the very impermeable layer occurring at the 
base cf the Fuller’s Earth, Water traverses the Inferior Oolite freely, 
especially through the numerous joint planes by which it is traversed, and 
descends into the Lias Sands, which constitute an important underground 
reservoir, supported by the lias clays, which throw out numerous springs. 
The dip of all the beds is eastwards, or from the escarpment into the hill > 
for the dip of the rocks forming the actual scarp is directly modified by 
a slip caused by the drag of the hill, the dip being toward the plain 
beneath. This has an important influence on the direction of the water- 
flow, the position of which has been determined with much accuracy at 
Birdlip in a series of borings made by the Gloucester Corporation Water- 
works, for the journals of which I have to thank Mr. T. H. Fryer, Town 
Clerk of Gloucester. 
2 Level at 7 
“Bore holes | Surface Water bottom of Difference Remarks 
level level hovehale of water-level 
No. 3 222°57 ile ays 147°07 Rose 9 feet, or 
No. 4 437-54 257°68 133°54 80°11 + Rose 10 in 24 
ov. < fan hours. 
No. 2 425:22 249-29 150°72 8:46 L Rose 10 feet in 1 
hour. 
No. 1 395°93 235:93 92°43 13:29 | 21:75 | Rose 12 feet in 1 
hour. 
Rose to 35 feet. 
The dip between No. 1 and No. 2 is 1 in 26. 
These oolitic rocks are traversed by numerous small faults, ranging 
about W. 10 N., mostly with downthrows to the north. It dogs not 
appear to be certain whether they act as barriers or not to the passage of 
underground waters. 
South-west Lancashire.x—A boring has recently been made at Hall 
Wood, about six miles east of Liverpool, by Mr. Timmins, of Runcorn, 
for the Cheshire Lines Railway Committee, in search of water. The 
boring has reached a depth of 414 feet, the whole of which was carried 
through stiff reddish-brown clays, samples of which have been kindly 
forwarded by Mr. A. Timmins, Stud. Inst. C.E., the upper portion of 
