ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS. 151 
which appears to be referable to the boulder clay, but as to the age of 
the lower part there appears to be much uncertainty. No Glacial Clay 
is known to occur in the district at so great a depth. The Keuper 
Marls cannot be present unless they are let in by unknown trough faults, 
and if present can only occupy a very small area; while the Permian 
Marls, and the Clay beds of the Upper Coal measures, do not attain in 
this area the great thickness observable in this boring ; nor does the sur- 
face evidence afforded by the surrounding country support the view of 
their being referable to either of those formations. In the hope that 
some light might be thrown on the problem by microscopical examination, 
I submitted the samples to Mr. J. A. Phillips, F.R.S., who has kindly 
examined them, and reports as follows :— 
‘The plastic red specimen (395 feet) is a fine clay, strongly coloured 
by oxide of iron, and apparently contains patches of greyish boulder clay. 
After being attacked by hydrochloric acid it became perfectly colourless, 
and this white residue consists of clay containing fragments of angular 
quartz, with a substance which is probably kaolinite, resulting from the 
decomposition of felspars. 
‘The coarser sample (Hall Wood, 4114 feet) is like the former, but 
with a larger proportion of angular quartz, in fragments varying from 
tooo t0 $y inch in diameter. ‘lhe clay does not appear to contain any 
particle of boulder clay.’ 
Surrey.—A very interesting boring is now going on at Richmond; it 
has penetrated the chalk and greensand, and has reached beds of red 
marl and hard red sandstone, with partings of pyrites, at 1,266 feet, 
specimens of which have been kindly forwarded by Messrs. Mather and 
Platt, of Salford Ironworks. 
Information collected by Mr. Fox-Strangways, F.G.S. 
21. At Irton, near Scarborough. ia. Finished August 1882. 2. 94 feet. 3. 
70 feet, 10 feet diameter ; 28 feet, 25 inches diameter ; 152 feet, 20 inches diameter ; 
189} feet, 12 inches diameter : total depth 4393 feet. 3a. None. 4. 4a. 5. Flows out 
at the surface at the rate of about 14 million gallons per 24 hours. 6. The level 
does not vary, but the quantity increases after heavy rain. 7. See previous answers. 
8. Analysis not made since the deep boring completed. 
ft. in. ft. in. 
9. Clay and Soil : c - 2 3 | Very hardrock . : : ray, 1S 
Gravel : c 17 0 | Light compact rock . : Pee 0) 
Clay - : 2 9 | Hardrock . 5 : P . 34 °6 
Sand and Gravel 0 9 | Dark-coloured hard rock . Geel WD) 
Marl 2 : 1 0 | Open rock with hard bands =~) L970 
Sand and Gravel 2 9 | Hardrock . < 2 5 . 94 0 
Marl : E : 8 6 | Soft orshaly rock . : 5) si 0 
Sand with Boulders 4 9 | Hardrock . ; ‘ ; - 8640 
Gravel with Boulders 3 0 | Rock mixed withtoughbind . 4 6 
Warp E i 5 9 | Close rock mixed with shale and 
Brown Marl . 2 5B sand : A ; : +, L456 
Kimmeridge Clay . 44 3 | Blue clayey shale - 2) LGwG 
Rock : : . 21 0 | ae 
| Total depth - 439 6 
10. Yes. 21. Yes. 12. No. 13. No. 24. No. 15. No. 
