ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS. 159 
Collected by Mr. Thomas . Stooke, from Mr. G. J. Butter, Borough 
Surveyor, Shrewsbury. 
1. Conduit Head, near Crow Meole. 2a. 1556. 2. 236 feet. 3. Depth, 6 feet; 
diameter, 4 feet. No bore-hole. 3a. No drift-ways. 4. Stands about 1 inch lower 
at night than morning. 5. Estimated daily consumption, 50,000 gallons. 6. Lower 
in autumn than spring. No. 7. I think it is to a slight extent, within a few days. 
8. Total solid impurity . 5 ° : : : 38°48 
Organic carbon : = : 3 = : “040 
3 nitrogen . 5 : : . * ‘ ‘016 
Ammonia . - : 4 > a ‘001 
Nitrogen, as nitrates and nitrites ; i 5 “449 
Total combined nitrogen . A ; - : 466 
Previous sewage or animal contamination . : 4180 
Chlorine . 2 : 3 ; - - : 2°30 
Temporary hardness . ; c F : . 20-4 
Permanent EA E E . F 5 10:9 
Total = : = - - 31:3 
Remarks.—Clear. Results of analyses expressed in parts per 100,000. 9. New red 
sandstone. 
Collected by Mr. Thomas S. Stooke, from Mr. W. J. Wyley. 
1. Wellington Workhouse, Salop. La. 1876. No. 3. 81 feet; diameter, 5 feet. 
No bore. 3a. None. &. 69 feet. Water flows in as fast as pumped, say 1,500 
gallons per hour. 4a. 77 feet for about two first years, as far as present experience 
goes. 5. 2,000 gallons per hour may be pumped continuously. Water flows out of a 
crack in the rock. About 2,000 gallons per day. 6. No. Increased the last four 
years. 7. No. 8. When boiled, forms strong lime incrustation in the boilers ; 
when cold, oxidises the lead and eats away lead tanks. 9. Newred sandstone. 41, 
Yes. 22. Is on the fault between the new red and Caradoc sandstones. 13. No. 
14. Yes; within three miles. 15. No. 
Apprnpix II.—List or QuERIES CIRCULATED. 
1. Position of well or shafts with which you are acquainted? ia. State date at 
which the well or shaft was originally sunk. Has it been deepened since by sinking 
or boring? and when? 2. Approximate height of the surface of the ground above 
Ordnance Datum (mean sea-level)? 3. Depth from surface to bottom of shaft or 
well, with diameter? Depth from surface to bottom of bore-hole, with diameter? 
3a. Depth from the surface to the horizontal drift-ways, if any? What is their 
length and number? 4. Height below the surface, at which water stands before 
and after pumping. Number of hours elapsing before ordinary level is restored after 
pumping? 4a. Height below the surface at which the water stood when the well 
was first sunk, and height at which it stands now when not pumped? 5. Quantity 
capable of being pumped in gallons per day of twenty-four hours? Average quantity 
daily pumped? 6. Does the water-level vary at different seasons of the year, and 
to what extent? Has it diminished during the last ten years? 1. Is the ordinary 
water-level ever affected by local rains, and, if so, in how short a time? And how 
does it stand in regard to the level of the water in the neighbouring streams, or 
sea? 8. Analysis of the water, if any. Does the water possess any marked pecu- 
liarity ? 9. Section with nature of the rock passed through, including cover of Drift, 
if any, with thickness? 9a. In which of the above rocks were springs of water 
intercepted? 10. Does the cover of Drift over the rock contain surface springs? 
11. If so, are these land springs kept entirely out of the well? 12. Are any large 
Faults known to exist close to the well? 13. Were any brine springs passed through 
in making the well? 414. Are there any salt springs in the neighbourhood? 45. 
Have any wells or borings been discontinued in your neighbourhood in consequence 
of the water being more or less brackish ? If so, please give section in reply to query 
No.9. 26. Kindly give any further information you can. 
