272 REPORT—1883. 
conditions are the same, is seen by comparing the agricultural population 
of Ayrshire with that of Glasgow and Edinburgh, where the average 
difference in stature amounts to 415 inches, and in weight to 36°4 lbs., 
in favour of the country folk. A similar, though not so greata difference, 
exists in Yorkshire, where the fishermen of Flamborough exceed the 
artisans of Sheffield in stature by 2°91 inches, and in weight by 24:3 Ibs. 
On the other hand, the population of London exceeds that of the adjoining 
county of Hertfordshire in stature by 1:57 inches, and in weight by 
79 lbs. Quetelet observed the same condition in Belgium, where the 
towns showed a higher stature than the country districts ; and he con- 
cluded that the greater ease and better food attainable in towns were 
more favourable to physical development than the hard manual labour 
and poor fare of the agricultural districts. It is probable that Quetelet 
compared different classes together, or that the towns in Belgium hold an 
exceptional position, like London to the adjoining districts in England. 
38. As an example of the predominance of race over occupation, the 
stature and weight of the Scotch lead-miners of Wenlockhead, and the 
Welsh lead-miners of Cardiganshire, are given in the table. The occupa- 
tion of lead-mining in both districts is in a great measure hereditary, and 
has probably been followed under similar conditions in Scotland and 
Wales for many generations, yet the Scotch exceed the Welsh lead- 
miners in stature by 2°13 inches, and in weight by 8°7 lbs. The stature 
and weight of the Durham coal-miners, and of the town populations of 
Glasgow, Sheffield, and Bristol, are given in this table, as they have been 
referred to above as influencing the averages of their respective counties, 
and placing them in an exceptional position as to the racial origin of 
their inhabitants. 
39. One of the objects the Committee has had in view has been ‘to 
ascertain the physical differences of boys and men whose intellect and 
industry are above or below the average’; but no returns of this kind 
have been received, except some referring to criminals and lunatics, and 
those have been introduced here as the most convenient place for their 
consideration :— 
Taste VIIT.—Showing the Srarure and Weicut of Adult-Male Criminals 
and Lunatics, compared with that of the General Population. 
Height Weight 
Ages Ages 
Classes oy eee ees 
20 25 35 45 20 25 35 45 
to to to to to to to to 
25 35 45 55 25 35 45 55 
inches | inches | inches | inches | lbs, Ibs. Ibs. lbs. 
General— 
Average population 67°5 | 67:9 | 67-9 | 67:9 | 146°2, 156- | 162° | 163°8 
j} Class 8: country) 67.9 | 67-5 | 67-5 | 67:8 | 149:6| 157-4| 161-2) 166-4 
labourers ; 
ene SL! 665 | 66:6 | 66-9] 66-6 | 139- | 147-3) 1541] 1486 
Criminals .  . . | 65:2} 656 | 65-7] 65:8 | 1369] 140- | 141-4] 143-4 
SS a — 
¥ er a | 
Lunatics ; : : 65:7 47:9 
