298 REPORT—1883. 
TasLE XXIII.—Comparison of Boys and Girls, at different Ages, in 
Industrial School at Swinton, near Manchester. 
Sight. 
No. of ’ Strength | Test dots 
Observa- Height Weight Chest- | Breathing} of arm. distin- 
A ‘sane girth capacity | Drawing) guished at 
5° power | distance of 
feet 
Bs eC a ft Pied hf Eg) Pe Ya Uae inte fe Cain Wel Qa WY Py eea ye Eel 2 
inches|inches| Ibs. | Ibs. inches inches) cubic inches} Ibs. | Ibs. | ft. in. | ft. in. 
14 6 21 55°0| 54:4! 78:7 | 80-9) 283) 29:0) 189 | 177 | 40:0| 33:0} 27-9 | 38-1 
13 28 27 52°5| 51.1] 70°0| 71°3| 26-6} 27-3} 166 | 143 | 37-3] 27°6| 30-9 | 37:2 
12 41 29 54:0} 49:9; 65°4| 64:6) 25-9] 27-6] 166 | 138 | 36-0] 27-6} 32°6 | 36:7 
11 22 51 50°0| 49:4] 63-1] 60°3| 25:3) 27-5) 153 | 145 | 34-2] 25-4) 32-3 | 39:0 
i 32 27 48:2| 47:0| 57-1] 55°4| 23°6| 26-9) 140 | 124 |26°7| 19-5 | 28-4 | 34:8 
8 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
32 25 | 46°7| 45:8) 52-7| 52:0] 23-0] 26-2| 182 | 126 | 21-7|18-0| 24-2 | 31-7 
24 28 | 43°8) 44-4) 47-0) 47-3 | 22°6 H 
32 20 | 436] 41-2| 46:2] 42°4| 22-9 
28 19 | 40°7| 39-0} 39-9} 37-2] 21-4 
12 15 | 38:9) 38-6) i 
3 3 | 35:0} 35:0| 32°3 | 29°7| 20-0 
1 — | 346) — | 28:0] — | 20-0 ;} 20; — | —| —}; — = 
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(oe) 
me bo bo bo bo 
| eoran 
Beat ast yee cele) | eed | a! ta 1 ee 
Colour of Eyes and Hair. Percentage proportion in each Class, 
Eyes light, Eyes dark, Light brown, 
with with ae ha 
| exceptiona 
eyes, with Total 
Hair | Hair | Hair | Hair | Hair Hair — light or dark 
light | dark red | dark fair red hair 
{English | 54-6 2 17 | 201 | 1-2 3-4 63 100 
Boys261) trish .| 650 | 37 | 34 | 153 | 55 7 6-7 100 
; ~ {English | 398 | 261 | 34 | 205 | — 1 9-1 100 
Girls 245) 7yisn | 500 | 188 | 61 | 232 | — | 12 12 100 
Physical Improvement or Degeneracy of the Population. 
65. Few statistics are in existence which help to throw light on this 
subject. It is generally believed that the population in the manufac- 
turing towns of the North of England is rapidly degenerating, but a 
comparison of the measurements of stature and weight given in the 
Report of the Factory Commissioners of 1833, and in the Report to 
the Local Government Board on ‘ Changes in Hours and Ages of Employ- 
ment of Children and Young Persons in Textile Factories,’ 1873, shows 
that this is not the case. On the contrary, an examination of Table 
XXIV., showing these measurements, indicates a slight but uniform in- 
crease in stature, and a very large increase in weight, at corresponding 
ages. The increase in weight amounts to a whole year’s gain, anda 
child of 9 years of age in 1873 weighed as much as one of 10 years in 
1833, one of 10 as much as one of 11, and one of 11 as much as one of 
12 years in the two periods respectively. 
66. Asan example of the condition of a class living under most favour- 
able conditions, a table (XXV.) showing the measurements of the boys 
in the Friends’ (Quakers’) School at York, extending over a period of 
