TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D.—DEPT. ANTHROPOLOGY. 559 
unquestionable evidence of clear undisturbed superposition; that they represent 
two distinct chapters and eras in the Cavern history is shown by the decided dis- 
similarity of the materials composing them, the marked difference in the osseous 
remains they contained, and the strongly contrasted characters of the stone imple- 
ments they yielded; and that they were separated by a wide interval of time may 
be safely inferred from the thickness of the bed of stalagmite between them. 
It is probable, however, that the fact most significant of time and physical change 
is the presence of the Hyzna in the Cave-earth or less ancient, but not in the 
Breccia or more ancient of the two deposits. I called attention to this fact in a paper 
read to this Department ten years ago (see Report Brit. Assoc. 1873, pp. 209-214), 
and at greater length elsewhere in 1875 (see Trans. Plym. Inst. v. 360-375). 
Bearing in mind the Cave-haunting habits of the Hyzena, the great preponderance 
of his remains in the Cave-earth, and their absence in the Breccia, it seems impos- 
sible to avoid the conclusion that he was not an occupant of Britain during the 
earlier period. 
The acceptance of this conclusion, however, necessitates the belief, Ist. That 
Man was resident in Britain long before the Hyzena was. 
2nd. That it was possible for the Hyzna to reach Britain between the deposition 
of the Breccia and the deposition of the Cave-earth. In other words, that Britain 
was a part of the Continent during this interval. 
Sir OC. Lyell, it will be remembered, recognised the following geographical 
changes within the British area between Newer Pliocene and Historical times. 
(See Antiquity of Man, ed. 1878, pp. 331, 332.) 
Firstly, a pre-glacial continental period, towards the close of which the Forest of 
Cromer flourished, and the climate was somewhat milder than at present. 
Secondly, a period of submergence, when the land north of the Thames and 
Bristol Channel, and that of Ireland, was reduced to an archipelago. This was a 
part of the Glacial Age, and icebergs floated in our waters. 
Thirdly, a second continental period, when there were glaciers in the hicher 
mountains of Scotland and Wales. 
Fourthly, the breaking up of the land through submergence, and a gradual 
change of temperature, resulting in the present geographical and climatal 
conditions, 
It is obvious that if, as I venture to think, the Kent’s Cavern Breccia was 
deposited during the first continental period the list of mammalian remains found 
in it should not clash with the list of such remains from the Forest of Cromer, 
which, as we have just seen, flourished at that time. I called attention to these 
lists in 1874, pointing out that according to Professor Boyd Dawkins (Cave- 
Hunting, p. 418) the Forest-bed had at that time yielded 26 species of mammals, 
16 of them being extinct, and 10 recent; that both the Breccia and the Forest-bed 
had yielded remains of the Cave-bear, but that in neither of them had any relic or 
trace of Hyzena been found. A Monograph on the Vertebrata of the Forest-bed 
Series was published in 1882, by Mr. E. T. Newton, F.G.S., who, including many 
additional species found somewhat recently, but eliminating all those about which 
there was any uncertainty, said: ‘ We still have 49 species left, of which 30 are 
still living, and 19 are extinct’ (p. 185). Though the number of the species has 
thus been almost doubled, and the presence of the Cave-bear remains undoubted, 
it continues to be the fact that no trace of the Hyzena has been found in the Forest- 
bed, and no suspicion exists as to his probable presence amongst the eliminated 
uncertain species, 
It should be added that no relic or indication of Hyena was met with in the 
* Fourth Bed’ of Brixham Windmill-Hill Cavern, believed to be the equivalent of 
the Kent’s Hole Breccia. 
Iam not unmindful of the fact that my evidence is negative only, and that 
raising a structure on it may be building on a sandy foundation. Nevertheless, 
it appears to me, as it did ten years ago, strong enough to bear the following 
inferences:— 
Ist. That the Hyzna did not reach Britain until its last continental period. 
