566 REPORT—1883. 
5. On the Cranial Characters of the Inhabitants of Timor-laut. 
By J. G. Garson, M.D. 
The osteological remains received of the inhabitants of Timor-laut from Mr. 
Forbes’s expedition consist of a series of eleven skulls and crania. Of these nine 
are adult, one is that of a youth of about twenty years of age, and one is that of 
achild. Four of the skulls are those of males, and six those of females. The 
skull of the child may belong to either sex. All except the skulls of one female 
and that of the child are broad in proportion to their length; the latter two are 
narrow in proportion to their length. 
The average cranial capacity of the four male skulls measured according to 
Broca’s method is 1,607 c.c., while the five round-headed females average 1,327 c.c. 
Compared with European skulls the average of the male skulls from Timor-laut 
is somewhat larger, while the size of.the female skulls is smaller than those of 
Europeans. The difference between the size of the males and females is 280 c.c., 
while that between the two sexes of Europeans is 185 e.c. 
The cephalic index, or the relation of the maximum length and the maximum 
breadth, varies little except in the long-headed skulls, in which the maximum length 
is greater and the breadth less than in any of the other skulls. The round skulls 
belong to Broca’s class, true brachycephalic, except one of these skulls, which falls 
within the sub-brachycephalic class from its width being less than in the others, 
though the length is the normal. The long skulls both belong to the true dolicho- 
cephalic, 
The height index is greater in the brachycephalic females than in the males 
by 2. In the dolichocephalic female the height index is much lower than in the 
brachycephalic, a condition which the late Professor Rolleston usually found to 
obtain in dolichocephalic skulls. The height of the skulls is in all instances except 
one less than the breadth. 
The horizontal circumference of the male skulls averages 507 mm., and of the 
females 475 mm., while the transverse circumference of the former is 456 mm., and 
of the latter 424 mm. ; between the two circumferences of both sexes there is a 
difference of 32 mm. The horizontal circumference of the dolichocephalic female 
is greater, while the transverse circumference is less, than that of any of the other 
females. The greater size of this latter skull is owing to the anterior segment 
being largely developed. 
One of the male skulls is orthognathous, the other skulls of both sexes are 
mesognathous, except one male skull, which is just within the prognathous group, 
and the dolichocephalie female, which is prognathous. 
From the orbital index averaging 85:1 in the males and 84:7 in the females, 
both belong to the mesoseme group as regards the form of the orbit. 
The form of the nasal aperture varies. The males are on the average at the 
platyrhine end of the mesorhine group, while the females are just within the 
platyrhine group. 
The chin is somewhat rounded and less pointed than in Europeans. 
Flattening of the occipital or parieto-occipital region exists in almost all the 
specimens, but in some it is more marked than in others. The forehead is well 
formed, without prominent ridges. The nasal region is flattened, but the degree 
of flattening seems to vary in different individuals. 
The result of the observations of the osteology of the people shows that we 
have two distinct racial elements amongst these, namely the Malayan and the 
Melanesian, The former is represented by the brachycephalic skulls, which are the 
more numerous, the latter by the dolichocephalic skulls. 
6. Yassin and the Kajunah District. By Dr. R. G. Larnam. 
Its early area was probably larger than it is at present. Probable evidence is 
‘to be found in the Chinese Han annals, as translated by Mr. Wylie, and to some 
This paper will appear iz extenso in the Jour. of the Anthrop. Inst., part 2 of 
the vol. for this Session, 
