(TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D.—DEPT. ANTHROPOLOGY. 567 
extent edited by Mr. Howorth, in the ‘Transactions of the Anthropological 
Institute,’ date A.D. 1, both before and after. The Chinese name is ‘Wosoon’; the 
area corresponds with that of the ‘ Issedones’ of Herodotus. If this be the case a 
new light is thrown over the early ethnology of Kashgar, the parts about Zi or 
Kuldja, and the Galcha country. 
7. On the Words Celt, German, and Slavonian, their Misinterpretation, 
and its Results. By Dr. R. G. Larnam. 
Of these three names the first is as old as Herodotus, the second dates from 
the time of Julius Czsar, the third is no older than the seventh century A.D. 
The term Slave, Sklave, Sclavonian, &c., is, according to the strong conviction 
of the present, no definite name at all, but a word like Zramontane in Latin, and 
za-gora, za-volok, i.e. beyond the mountain and beyond the watershed, in Slavic. If 
so za-laba would be over the river (or water), and as such would be applicable to 
any portion of the area which we now call Sclavonic. Hence it is not a national 
name at all, though, at the same time, when we know what it means and what 
it does not mean, it is a convenient one—convenient because in the words like 
Panslavonism we tind it recognised. 
_ There is no great misrepresentation here, and Slavonic as a word is connected 
with Celt and German, not for what it represents, but for the extent to which it is 
misrepresented. 
This brings us to a point of some importance: (1) If the Celtic area of 
antiquity was as large as it is supposed to be, there was no such being as a 
Slavonian south of the Danube; (2) and if the German area was so large as it is 
supposed to be, there would be no Slavonism to the north of that river. Instead of 
them we should have Celts to the south, and no Germans to the north of that 
river—practically no area larger than the county of York, of which Slavonians 
were occupants ; indeed, from a certain point of view there would be no Slayonians 
in Europe till about a.p. 600, when they present them in force both to the south 
and the north of the Danube, especially in the districts which ten years before were 
assigned to the Celts and Germans. 
From this comes the question, ‘ Whence come the Slavonians? and whither 
went the Celts and Germans ? 
This and the answer to it is the question which the present writer investigates, 
not, of course, in full detail, but sufticiently to indicate the amount and character 
of what he unwillingly calls the mésinterpretation of two classical authorities, or 
rather the misinterpretation of Tacitus in the case of the Germans, and the neglect 
of a special statement in Ephorus, as preserved by Strabo, in regard to the Celts. 
8. On a Pile Dwelling recently discovered at Ulrome, in Holderness, 
Yorkshire. By James W. Davis, F.S.A., £.G.S8. 
Formerly a great part of Holderness was covered by a series of lakes and 
meres, only the slightly hilly parts being elevated sufficiently to form dry land. 
Some years ago the country was drained artificially, and during the operation 
Thomas Boynton, Esq., of Ulrome Grange, discovered some implements and fragments 
of wood which had apparently been used as piles. In consequence of these dis- 
coveries Mr. Boynton was led to excavate one of the sites, and found that it had 
been pierced about midway in making the drain. A space about 20 yards square 
has been cleared and the plan followed in the construction of the dwellings is 
clearly exposed. The base of the structure is formed by a number of large trunks 
of trees, several being 18 inches in diameter; these were laid horizontally on a 
bed of peat about 2 feet in thickness, which being superimposed on a bed of gravel, 
in all probability formed the bed of the lake. ‘The tree-trunks are held in position 
by a number of pointed stakes, driven into the peat beneath, on each side the 
trunks. The stakes or piles have been cut by a very rude implement, probably 
the stone adzes or axes found associated with the remains of the buildings, The 
