TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D.—DEPT. ANTHROPOLOGY. 571 
Andamanese were orangs the author contended that they were probably orang-like 
in the breadth of the brain-case compared with its length, for, omitting the ridges 
on the side of the orang skull, the skull of the orang and that of the native Andaman 
islander were both brachycephalic: and both were, in the region of the glabella, 
remarkably smooth, and devoid of brow-ridge as compared with other types of 
human and ape-skulls. 
A series of nine link outlines thus deduced were exhibited, in which the author 
had allowed a decreasing rate of jaw-reduction for equal degrees of cranium 
expression. 
The author observed that link 1, in his Orang to Andamanese series, corre- 
sponded in length of jaw to Stmia morio, but that the cranium of the latter was 
relatively more developed. ‘This, together with similar facts, he showed indicated 
that greater progress may have been made in the increase of cranium than in the 
reduction of the size of the jaws in the bygone evolution of the human skull, so 
that, in looking for links, isolated jaws may have been ape-like in dimensions while 
belonging to well-developed crania ; similarly, isolated crania may have had con- 
siderably ape-like jaws associated with them, though the crania are to all appear- 
ance those of human proportions. 
In the same manner links were deduced between the chimpanzee and Australian 
types of skull,in which prominence of brow ridge and dolichocephale were associated. 
This the author admitted was no proof that the ancestors of Australians were 
chimpanzees, but merely indicated that they were probably intermediate in typical 
form. 
Outlines of the Neanderthal calvarium and of an Trish calvarium in the Phreno- 
logical Museum of Edinburgh were superposed upon an Australian skull outline, 
with the result of diminishing the importance of the Neanderthal calvarium as 
respects inferiority of development; the Irish being smaller in all respects than 
the Neanderthal calvarium. But inasmuch as the calvaria in question were so 
fragmentary, it was impossible to indicate with any approach to exactness the type 
of the facial portion that must have belonged to these skulls originally. 
4, Local Science Societies and the minor Pre-historic Remains of Britain.’ 
By R. Mexpota, F.0.8. 
This paper, which was first read at the Conference of Delegates from local 
societies, and had been referred by the Conference to the Anthropological Section 
in order to give it greater publicity, contained some suggestions which the author 
had first put forward in his presidential address to the Essex Field Club. The 
author proposed that all the local societies throughout the country should co- 
operate in the production of a complete catalogue of all the prehistoric remains of 
Britain, giving their position, external form and structure, and bibliographical 
references. He further suggested that the various local societies should form pre- 
historic monuments committees, for the purpose of drawing up the catalogue, and 
at the same time conducting, if possible, actual explorations of all doubtful remains, 
These local committees would also act as vigilance committees, keeping watch 
upon all the ancient remains in their neighbourhood, and preventing as far as 
possible their destruction. In cases where, through building or agricultural opera- 
tions, demolition is unavoidable, the author suggested that the local societies should 
appoint watchers to record the presence of any relics that might be found. The 
author stated in conclusion that the neglect of such opportunities by local societies 
in past times had led to the loss of a vast amount of evidence which might have 
been of the greatest importance to anthropology, and he urged upon local societies 
the adoption of a useful line of work which would necessarily increase the efficiency 
of Sir John Lubbock’s Ancient Monuments Bill. 
1 Published in extenso in Nature, Nov. 1, 1883, p. 19. 
