TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION F. 61 5- 
| The swine are now slaughtered and salted before being exported. One/other- 
branch of Canadian industry, the fishing, has been rendered of prominent interest, 
not only from its inherent value, but from the disputes it has occasioned. Under- 
the Washington Treaty the Government of the United States were adjudged to 
pay an annual rental of 100,000/. for the right of free fishing in Canadian waters, 
and the value of the catch to the colonists in the year 1882 was over 3} million, 
exclusive of that in Manitoba and the North-West territories, from which there - 
are no returns. The United States and Great Britain are the largest consumers of 
Canadian fish, in the catching of which 60,053 men and 31,574 ships and boats 
are employed. With over a million square miles of timber land to be reduced, 
the lumbering trade, which includes all operations from felling and rafting to 
sawing and shipping, may be considered one of the most important in the Dominion. 
British Columbia alone in 1880 is reported to have produced 200 million feet of 
prepared timber, the greater part of which was exported to California. 
In mineral wealth Canada has not ranked very high at present, although its 
reputed gold deposits attracted its first settlers as far back as 1576. Much 
remains to be done in the way of facilitating conveyance before the richest region, 
the Rocky Mountain section of British Columbia, is opened up. In 1882 the 
returns gave for gold, 70,015 ounces; silver, 87,024 ounces; iron, 223,057 tons; - 
coal, 1,307,824 tons; and crude petroleum, 15,490,622 gallons. Salt, fortunately 
for the fishing industry, is found in large quantities, as also is granite and building 
stone. 
The consideration of the fur trade occupies us more with the past than the 
present ; with the reign of Charles IL., and the rivalries of the Hudson’s Bay and 
the North-Western Companies, than with that of Victoria. It is decreasing rapidly,. 
the exports in 1871 being valued at $1,633,501, while those in 1881 are but 
$987,555. 
The author, quitting the consideration of the natural productions, then touched 
upon the prominent manufacturing industries. He showed that the amount of 
capital invested had increased between 1871 and 1881 from nearly 78 million 
dollars to over 165 million, that the aggregate value of productions had increased’ 
from 221} million dollars to nearly 310 million, and that the number of persons 
employed had increased in the decade from 187,942 to 254,935, and their average 
wage from 217 dollars to 233 per annum. 
As may be conjectured, Canada, as a maritime nation, takes a foremost position ; 
only four other countries in the world possessing a larger mercantile marine. 
During the last three years, however, this important source of national wealth has. 
shown signs rather of retrogression than of advancement. « In 1878 the total- 
number of vessels registered in the Dominion was 7,469, with a tonnage of. 
1,333,015 tons, whilst in 1881 the number was but 6,412, and the tonnage but* 
1,156,941 tons. It must not, however, be imagined that trade has in any way fol-- 
lowed in the wake of shipping ; the following returns for the same period showing 
how great has been the progress :— 
: Intered for 
Year Total exports Total imports pent Duty 
1878 $ 79,323,667 $ 93,081,787 $ 91,199,577 $12,795,693 
1882 102,137,203 $119,419,500 112,648,927 $21,708,837 
The author, referring to the protective policy of Canada which came into force in 
1879, showed, by statistics, its influence on the trade, and drew therefrom the de-- 
duction ‘that the exports from Canada to Great Britain have remained nearly 
stationary, while the imports from Great Britain to Canada have very largely 
Bee, whereas with the United States the operation has been entirely re-- 
versed. 
