13G REPORT — 1861. 



Sir Ranald Martin* says, "Of those Europrans who arrive 6n the banks 

 of the Gangps, many fall early victims to the climate, as will be shown here- 

 after. That others droop, and are forced, ere many years, to seek their 

 native air, is also well known. That the successors of all would gradually 

 and assuredly degenerate if tliey remained in the country cannot be ques- 

 tioned ; for already we know that the third generation of unmixed Europeans 

 is nowhere to he found in BengaW 



William Twining also made the same assertion many years ago. 



Another recent authority on India t, Mr. Julius Jeffreys, saj's, "Few 

 children of pure English blood can be reared in the plains of India, and 

 of that few the majority have constitutions which might cause them to 

 envy the lot of those who die in their childhood. The mortality of bar- 

 rack children is appalling, especially in the months of June, September, 

 and October. At Cawnpore from twenty to thirty have died in one month. 

 In short, the soldiery leave no descendants of unmixed blood." Major- 

 General Bagnold % has also said, that the oldest English regiment, the 

 Bombay " Toughs," notwithstanding that marriages with British females 

 are encouraged, have never been able, from the time of Charles II. to this 

 time, to raise boys enough to supply the drummers and fifers. Dr. Ewart § 

 says, " Our race in process of time undergoes deterioration, physically and 

 intellectually, with each succeeding generation, and ultimately ceases to 

 multiply and replenish the earth." He also says, " that there is a certain 

 deterioration of our race always, under present circumstances, tending to 

 extinction in this country." 



It remains, therefore, with Mr. Crawfurd and those who agree with him to 

 accept these facts, or explain wliat has become of the descendants of the half 

 million of people who have gone to India. It is generally supposed that there 

 is a process of acclimatization going on with Europeans living in the tropics; 

 but the reverse is rather the case. It is true that the mortality is sometimes 

 greater at first, but this is owing to tlie clearing out of the weakened and other 

 defective constitutions whicli had been broken down by disease or intempe- 

 rance. When this has taken place, there appears to be an improvement; but 

 after the first year there is a gradual decline in health, and sickness and 

 mortality greatly increase. We have exhaustion and degeneracy, but no real 

 acclimatization. Although Europeans suffer less on going to colder regions, 

 Btill we observe the same fact in that case. Dr. Armstrong and others have 

 observed that Europeans resist the cold of the polar regions better the first 

 year than they do the second, and that every subsec^uent year they feel the 

 efTeets of climate more. 



This fact can be amply proved by statistics. As age increases, so does 

 mortality in any place out of the native land of a people. 



Dr. Farr gives the average per thousand of England and Wales as — 



Now, if we compare this with a part of a valuable fable prepared by Sir 

 Alexander Tulloch ||, we at once can estimate some of the deleterious effects 

 of change to different climates on Europeans, from January 1, 1830, to 

 March 31, 1837. 



* Influence of Tropical Climates, &c., 2nd edit., bv Sir R. J. Martin, p. 137, 1861. 



t The British Army in India. By Julius Jeffreys,' F.R.S. 1858, p. 172. 



% Indigenous Races of the Earth. Article " Acclimatization," by Dr. Nott, p. 557. 



§ Digest of the Vital Statistics of Eurojieans in India. By Joseph Ewart, M.D. 1859. 



II Report of the Comniissioners on the Reorganization of the Indian Army. 1859, p. 179. 



