ON ETHNO-CLIMATOLOGY. 145 



extinction, unless fresh blood is sent from Europe. The extinction of the 

 Spanish race in America was likewise predicted more than twenty years ago 

 by Dr. Knox. There is no doubt that this result has been greatly owing to 

 tlie mixture of Spanish and Indian blood. 



The laws regulating the mixture of human races do not directly concern 

 the question of acclimatization; it has been found, however, that there is a 

 different vitality between the offspring of the Spaniard and the Indian female, 

 from that between the Englishman and the Indian woman. So also there is 

 a different power of life between the offspring of the Portuguese and English 

 with the negro woman. It can hardly be questioned that the Spanish race, 

 like all other dark Europeans, are better suited for warm climates than the 

 white Europeans. M. Boudin gives some statistics to show that the Spaniards 

 and Italians also suffered less in the Great Russian campaign. Perhaps this 

 may be explained by other causes. 



On several occasions the Spaniards have attempted to colonize the beau- 

 tiful island, Fernando Po, but have entirely failed. The last trial was made 

 in 1859, when three hundred and fifty colonists were sent out, provided with 

 every necessary; but at the beginning of 1861 they had nearly all died, the 

 few remaining returning home entirely broken down in health. 



On the change effected in Europeans by a residence in Ceylon, Sir J. 

 Emerson Tennent observes*, " The pallid complexion peculiar to old resi- 

 dents is not alone ascribable to an organic change in the skin from its 

 being the medium of perpetual exudation, but in part to a deficiency of red 

 globules in the blood, and mainly to a reduced vigour in the whole muscular 

 apparatus, including the action of the heart, which imperfectly compensates 

 by increase of rapidity for diminution of power." This author very properly 

 warns all habitual dyspeptics from a long sojourn at Ceylon. Gouty patients 

 are, however, owing to the greater cutaneous excretion, entirely cured. We 

 find that Europeans die mostly of cholera and inflammation of the liver, 

 while negroes die of pulmonary consumption. Ceylon is hot for Europeans, 

 and cold, especially in the forests, in comparison to the coast of Guinea. 



Of the island of Cuba, Mr. Tylor has just writtenf, " The climate of the 

 island is not unfavourable for a mixed negro and European race, while to 

 the pure whites it is deadly. It is only by intermarriage with Europeans, 

 and continual supplies of emigrants from Europe, that the white population 

 is kept up." 



In the Reports of the Colonies for 1858 and 1859, we only find the births 

 and deaths of the different populations of one colony given. From these we 

 learn that, at Antigua, in 



1858 the births of white population were 50 deaths 75 



1859 „ „ „ 91 „ 140 



1858 „ black „ 952 „ 979 



1859 „ „ „ 1005 „ 894. 



1858 „ coloured „ 238 „ 226 



1859 „ „ „ 250 „ 205 

 Although this classification (of white, black, and coloured)! is not very 

 scientific, yet it would be of very great utility to get such simple returns 

 from all our colonies, with the percentage of women. 



Our experience of other races than the European is limited. Mr. Craw-; 

 furd contends that the Chinese become easily acclimatized in nearly all re-. 



* Loc. cit. p. 78. 



t Anahuac ; or, Mexico and the Mexicans. By Edward B. Tylor, 1861, p. 12. 

 X The coloured population are sometimes called browu. These terms are generally used 

 to signify a mongrel breed of some sort, 



1861. L 



