TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 219 



This amount is not limited ; and at the last May examination many teachers ob- 

 tained £30 and £40, from this source, in addition to their certificate allowance. 



4. Grants toivanls the purchase of apiMratus. 



A grant of 50 per cent, on the cost of apparatus, diagi-ams, &c. necessary for the 

 instruction of the class is made. These gi-ants are limited to £10 to schools taught 

 by a master who is not certificated. 



The above payments on accoimt of science-teaching are made by the Science and 

 Art Department, and, I. are only made when the holder is employed in teach- 

 ing a school or class not imder inspection by the Education Department, but in 

 connexion with the Science and Art Department ; and the lessons must be given in 

 Mechanics' Institutes and other places not receiving grants from the Education 

 Department. 



II. The teacher must give instruction in a day or evening school or class for the 

 industrial classes, adults or boys, approved by the Science and Art Department, and 

 open at any time to the visit and inspection of its officers. Any teacher employed 

 in a day school under inspection of the Education Department must first have ob- 

 tained the pei-mission of that department to teach in such school or class. 



III. The certificated master of an elementary school who has pupil teachers ap-r 

 prenticed to him cannot receive the science-certificate allowance even if holding a 

 science certificate. 



Certificated teachers of elementary schools who have not pupil teachers ap- 

 prenticed^to them have their time out of school-hours at their own disposal, so far 

 as_ official regulations are concerned, and may, if further certificated in science, give 

 scientific instruction imder the Science and Art Department. 



On the Recent Improvements in the Health of the British Army. 

 By Dr. W. Pake. 

 _ The defects of the health of the Amiy, which had been before manifest in the 

 figm'es of returns, struck every heart when they appeared in the thinned ranks be- 

 fore Sebastopol, in the sick-fi-eighted ships on the Black Sea, and in the hospitals 

 of Scutari. Mr. Sidney Herbert, from his position, felt the defects perhaps more 

 acutely than any, and since that time, neglecting the ease and enjoyment which a 

 splendid fortime placed at his command, he devoted himself to the sanitary reform 

 of the Army, first in a Royal Connnission, then in commissions for canying out its 

 recommendations, and lastly as Secretary of State for War in Lord Palmerston's 

 Administration. Notwithstanding the heavy duties of that office, he continued 

 to act on a Royal Commission, of which Lord Stanley is the chairman ; and some 

 of his last recorded words were inquiries into the means of saving the numbers 

 of soldiers who are destroyed in hundreds every year by the bad sanitary an-ange- 

 ments rather than by the climate of India. His frank and winning manner, 

 his knowledge of his subject, and his eloquence enabled him to overcome many 

 obstacles ; and he had some courageous colleagues, among whom he (Dr. Farr) must 

 name as the foremost Florence Nightingale. Happily, before his death Lord Herbert 

 witnessed some of the residts of his measm-es : he saw the marvellous sxiccess of 

 the China expedition ; and he received the first annual report of the Du-ector Ge- 

 neral of the medical department of the amiy, showing " a remarkable reduction in 

 the mortality of all classes of troops." Lord Herbert was not satisfied with point- 

 ing out evils in a report. He got Commissions of practical men nominated by Lord 

 Panmure, placing himself at then- head, to remedy those evils. The labours of one 

 of these Commissions were described in a recent Report by Dr. Sutherland, Dr. 

 Burnett, and Captain Galton ; and its measures for improving the sanitary condition 

 of barracks and hospitals were so weU conceived that they desei-ved to be studied 

 by all who took an mterest in the health of ai-mies. The Sanitary Report of Dr. 

 Logan and the Medical Repoi-t of Dr. Mapleton, with the accompanying papersj 

 proved that sanitary and medical science had much to expect from medical officers. 

 The Commission for canying out improvements in the vital statistics of the Army 

 laid down an elaborate and yet simple plan for the observation, record, and analysis 

 of sickness, diseases, and casualties of the Army imder various circumstances at 

 home and abroad, in peace and in war. That plan was now in operation. He 

 trusted the remarkable weekly reports would soon be promulgated, showing, as 



