222 REPORT — 1861. 



islands in the British seas and the Isle of Man had a population of 143,447, or 321 

 more than in 1851. These islands, having been resorted to from motives of economy 

 by persons possessing small independent incomes, increased in population at the 

 rate of 18 per cent, between 18.31 and 841, and 15 per cent, in the following decade; 

 but free-trade measures having deprived them of their special advantages, the num- 

 bers had remained stationary since 1851. According to the latest returns and 

 official estimates, the population of the North American colonies was not less than 

 3,795,000, and that of the Australian group was 1,273,0)0. For the West Indies 

 might be set down 990,000 on the authority of the well-known blue books. The 

 Cape and other African Colonies contained 870,000 inhabitants ; Ceylon, 1,754,000 ; 

 Mauritius, Hong Kong, &c., 280,000. In Europe, Malta, Gibraltar, and Heligoland 

 contained about -304,000. To these an enormous addition must be made for British 

 India, stated by Mr. Hornidge, of the India Office, to contain (exclusive of the na- 

 tive and foreign states) not less than 135,442,000 souls. Add the population of 

 the United Kingdom, and the result was what might truly be called a " grand 

 total" of 274,000,000 of subjects of Queen Victoria. With regard to the mother 

 country, increased intelligence, combined with the new discoveries of science, and 

 the powerful inventions in aid of industry which had sprung up on every side, and, 

 far above all other causes, the benefits conferred by the steam-engine, the railway, 

 and free-trade, left no doubt that the material prosperity of Great Britain, and 

 consequently the number of her people, would continue to increase. 



On the Inspection of Endoived Educational Institutions. 

 Bij J. Heyavood, F.E.S. 



The author stated that the Roj^al Commissioners, in their recent Report on Popu- 

 lar Education, had laid down the following important principle with reference to 

 endowed educational institutions : — " That the power to create permanent institu- 

 tions is granted, and can be granted, only on the condition implied, if not declared, 

 that they be subject to such moditication as every succeeding generation of men 

 shall find requisite." This principle has been acted on ever since the Reformation, 

 but it has never been distinctly expressed. Acting on this principle, and adopting 

 as a basis the suggestions of Mr. Cumin, an assistant commissioner under the Royal 

 Commission, the following recommendations had been prepared :— " That one of the 

 CharityCoimnissioners should be an Education Commissioner, appointed specifically 

 for that subject. That the Charity' Commission should be brought into connexion 

 with the system of the Committee of Pri\'y Council on Education. That inquiries 

 into endowed educational institutions, under the Charity Commission, should be 

 conducted, as they are at present, by Government Inspectors. That no new educa- 

 tion scheme should be passed by the Charity Commissioners until it had obtained 

 the sanction of the Vice-president of the Committee of Council of Education, who 

 is always a member of the House of Commons. That ordinances of the Charity 

 Commission for the improvement of educational charities and for the conversion to 

 the pui'poses of education, wholly or in part, of charities which are mischievous or 

 useless as at present applied, be laid before parliament in the schedule of a bill, 

 similar in form to inclosure bills." The author then instanced several examples 

 of the want of local power to carry out desirable changes in the case of charities 

 and endowed schools, including the Manchester Free Grammar School (income 

 £3000), the Leeds Grammar School, the " Blanket " Charities of Manchester, &c. 

 He said, it would be better that some small payment should in general be made by 

 the parents for their children's education. According to the authority of Mr. Cumin 

 the assistant commissioner, demoralizing results had accrued from the distribution 

 of such charities as Clarke and Marshall's Charity in Manchester. Fictitious 

 names had been used ; relations had recommended other relations ; some of the 

 recipients were drunkards and bad characters, whilst others were receiving con- 

 siderable wages. He fully agxeed with the commissioner, that no one having 

 childi-en shoidd be able to share in such doles, unless they sent their children to 

 school. Passing from Manchester, he showed that the malversation of sums left 

 in endowments was pretty general throughout the countrj', instancing (on the au- 

 thority of Mr. Fearon) the case of an important school in the Eastern Counties, in 

 which, there being no demand for Latin or Greek, and the master selected being 

 determined to teach nothing else, he continued to receive his salary, though no 



