224 REPORT — 1861. 



If we add 30 per cent, for those who are not regularly at school nor retained on 

 the books, but who still come and go, and thus get an in-egular education, we have 

 21,947 who may be said to be under education in these schools. If we increase, 

 at the same time, the numbers which were reached in 185.3 for schools of all other 

 kinds (nou-sectarian schools, and those patronized by Roman Catholics and Pro- 

 testant Dissenters), we have 18,359 additional pupils. This gives us a total under 

 education of 40,306. 



In the Church schools there are 419 teachers of all kinds, or one for every 52 

 pupils. Only 83 are certificated, and many of the others are pupil teachers in their 

 earliest years. 



The gross number requiring education in the national schools of Livei-pool has 

 been computed at 73,979, of whom it appears that only 54 per cent, are fonnally 

 (though sometimes imperfectly) educated. The remaining 46 per cent, comprise 

 several classes, e. g. those who attend ragged- and Sunday-schools only, those who 

 receive knowledge like food, irregularly and insufiiciently, and those who receive 

 the practical education of vice and immorality. 



The sites of the schools are particularlj' deserving of consideration ; and we are 

 fortunately enabled to examine the facts minutely, in connexion with the recent 

 census of the borough, returned in ecclesiastical districts. 



■r> , ,• Accommodation, Per-centage 

 Population. r\\. \ \ ^ c •," 



^ (Jhurch schools. of pupils. 



(«.) Western or poor portion . . 195,401 . . 93.36 . . 4-78 



(6.) Middle portion 162,361 . . 7830 . . 4-82 



(c.) Selected parts, richest . . . 75,896 . . 5470 . . 7-27 

 _ These figures do not show the full extent of the unequal distribution of educa- 

 tion, because in the first portion nearly all the children should attend schools of 

 this class; while in the third, where the rich reside mainly, education should be 

 almost entirely self-supporting. In four of the best eccle.siastical districts the po- 

 pidation is 22,486, yet there are 2421 children educated, or 10-77 per cent. In one 

 district, St. Savioui-'s, the per-centage rises to 17-25. In six poor districts there 

 is a joint population of 99,361, and the Church educates in like manner 1822, or 

 1-83 per cent. In foui- other districts, the popidation of which amount to 33,208, 

 there are no national schools. 



The cost of educating these 21,947 is to the to-wn about £10,956 per annum ; and 

 the distribution of the amount is as foDows : — donations and subscriptions 28 per 

 cent., chm-ch collections 10, children's pence 44, and all other sources 18. This, 

 of coui-se, is independent of the interest of money expended in land and buildings, 

 and includes none of the Government annual pa}^nents, except capitation fees. 

 The average is nearly 10s. per head ; but the largest portion is paid to the rich 

 districts, where it is least required, and the smallest portion to the poor districts, 

 which most need it. The children's payments are usually Wd. and Id. ; but in 

 two or three schools they rise to 6f/., in six others to 4f/., arid in four or five more 

 to Zd. In some of the schools in the lower parts of the to-wn the children can 

 pay nothing whatever ; and at one district-school it is fouud necessary to educate 

 about 50 per cent. free. 



Hence it follows that -the district or parochial system is good, but is badly applied. 

 Men subscribe to the rich community in ■n'Wch they live, and withhold aid from 

 the poor one in which they work and accumulate property. If the necessities of one 

 be five times as gi-eat as those of another, while at the same time pecimiary aid is 

 obtained -with only one-fifth the facility, the task of educating the people at one 

 part -will be twenty-five times as gi-eat as at another. The Committee of Council 

 mterpret the word " parish " as meaning in to-wns a circle of five miles" radius ; but 

 practically it refers to a much naiTower limit. 



The Liverpool Church of England School Society supports three sets of schools 

 entirely, and votes small sums as a rate in aid to otters. 



3 schools, -with 1100 pupils, receive £500 a year. 

 • 10 „ „ 2529 „ „ £145 (£10 to £25 each). 



If the number of schools assisted were extended and the amoimt of aid increased, 

 the evils arising from the coexistence of riches and poverty in the same to-wn would 

 be greatly modified. 



