ADDRESS. ly 
and surveys in connexion with them. To this must be added a sum of between 
£5000 and £6000 for the maintenance of Kew Observatory, of which more 
anon, The advance made in these important sciences, through the labours 
of the Committees of the British Association, may be counted among the 
principal benefits it has conferred. 
To the British Association is due, and to the suggestion of General Sabine, 
the first survey ever made for the express purpose of determining the positions 
and values of the three Isomagnetic Lines corresponding to a particular epoch 
over the whole face of a country or state. 
This was the Magnetic Survey of the British Islands, executed from 1834 
to 1838, by a Committee of its members, General Sabine, Prof. Phillips, Sir 
J. Ross, Mr. Fox, and Mr. Lloyd, acting upon a suggestion brought before 
the Cambridge Meeting in 1833. It was published partly in the volume for 
1838, and partly in the Philosophical Transactions for 1849. This was 
followed by a recommendation from the Association to Her Majesty’s Govern- 
ment, for the equipment of a naval expedition to make a magnetic survey in 
the southern portions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This recom- 
mendation, concurred in by the Royal Society, gave rise to the voyage of Sir 
James Clark Ross in the years 1839 to 1843. In a similar manner was sug- 
gested and promoted the magnetic survey of the British possessions in North 
America, authorized by the Treasury in 1841; the completion of the magnetic 
survey of Sir James Ross, by Lieutenant Moore and Lieutenant Clark in 1845, 
in a vessel hired by the Admiralty; the magnetic survey of the Indian Seas, 
by Captain Elliot, in 1849, at the expense of the Directors of the East India 
Company ; and the magnetic survey of British India, commenced by Captain 
Elliot in 1852, and completed between 1855 and 1858 by Messrs. Schlagint- 
weit. Finally, in 1857 the British Association requested the same gentlemen 
who had made the survey of the British Islands in 1837, to repeat it, with a 
view to the investigation of the secular changes of the magnetic lines. This 
has been accomplished, and its results are printed in the new volume for 1861*. 
The Association also, aided by the Royal Society, effected the organization 
in 1840 of the system of simultaneous Magnetical and Meteorological Obser- 
yatories, established as well by our own Government as by the principal foreign 
Governments at different points of the earth’s surface, which have proved so 
eminently successful, and have produced results fully equalling in importance 
and value, as real accessions to our knowledge, any anticipations that could 
have been formed at the commencement of the inquiry?. 
- General Sabine, whose labours have so largely contributed to these inves- 
tigations, has given to the University an admirable exposition of the results 
during the present year, in the capacity of Sir Robert Rede’s Lecturer. 
In 1854, in consequence of representations originating with the British. 
Association, our Government created a special department, in connexion with 
the Board of Trade, under Admiral FitzRoy, for obtaining Hydrographical and. 
Meteorological observations at sea, after the manner of those which had been 
for some years before collected by the American Government at the instance 
and under the direction of Lieut. Maury. 
Observations on the wind have been carried on by means of the various 
self-registering Anemometers of Dr. Whewell, Mr. Osler, Dr. Robinson, and 
Mr. Beckley, which instruments have been improved, tested, and thoroughly 
brought into practice by the fostering care of our body; and by the aid of 
its funds, experiments have been made on the subterranean temperature of 
deep mines; and on the temperature and other properties of the Atmosphere 
* Vide volume for 1859, p. xxxvii. + Report, 1858, p. 298. 
