36 REPORT—1862. 
it is symbolical of the removal of a barrier which once threatened to separate 
mineralogy from chemistry, to the serious detriment of both. While some minera- 
logists sought to exclude chemistry from their systems, chemists intent upon dis- 
covery in the newly opened field of organic chemistry neglected mineral analysis. 
But of late these mutually estranged sciences have exhibited a growing tendency 
to reunite, and to aid one another. The chemists now freely admit the mineralogists 
as their associates, not unfrequently sharing their labours, and include geometrical 
and optical characters in the descriptions of the new combinations they discover. 
Of this we have instances in the memoirs of Kopp, Rammelsberg, Hofmann, Sella, 
Marignac, Des Cloizeaux, and in those of Haidinger, Leydolt, Grailich, Dauber, 
Schabus, v. Lang, Schrauf, v. Zepharovich, Rotter, A. and E. Weiss, Murmann, and 
Handl. The experiments on the formation of minerals, commenced by Berthier 
and Mitscherlich, have since been varied in almost every possible way. Ebelmen, 
de Sénarmont (whose recent death is a grievous loss to the sciences we cultivate), 
Daubrée, Wohler, Manross, and H. Deville have successfully imitated the processes 
of nature in producing a large number of crystallized minerals in the laboratory, 
and thus have helped to obliterate the boundary arbitrarily drawn between the 
studies of the chemist and those of the mineralogist. 
The memoirs I have cited in proof of the intimate connexion of chemistry and 
mineralogy deserve our especial attention for another and more important reason. 
The observations they record, being made on crystals of accurately known compo- 
sition, far exceeding the crystallized minerals in number, and differing from minerals 
in being quite free from any admixture of foreign matter, furnish the only data 
from which we may hope that some future Newton of the science will be enabled 
to discover a simple law of the dependence of the form, optical and physical pro- 
perties of crystallized bodies on the substance of which they are composed. 
On the Formation of Organo-Metallic Radicals by Substitution. 
By Gzorce Bowprer Bucxton, F.R.S. 
The object of this inquiry was to investigate the order in which the metals of 
the organo-metallic radicals were capable of substitution, through the agency, in 
the first place, of simple metals, in the second place, of salts of simple metals, and 
in the third place, of salts of other organo-metallic bodies. 
It was found that when metals acted upon these radicals, substitutions were 
affected, in the greater number of cases, in the order indicated by the ordinary 
electro-positive or electro-negative position of the contained metals. Exceptional 
cases, however, occurred. 
By the action of sodium on mercuric ethyl, the mercury is partly extruded, and 
a double compound of mercuric and sodium-ethyl is obtained. 
By the action of chloride of cadmium on zinc-ethyl, appreciable quantities of cad- 
‘mium-ethyl were formed, which, however, could not 3 satisfactorily separated, 
either by distillation or the action of anhydrous solvents, from the unctuous mass 
of chloride of zinc which is one product observed. 
Mercurie ethyl and bichloride of tin react powerfully with the evolution of much 
heat, and result in the separation of chloride of mercuric ethyl and chloride of 
stannic sesquiethyl, according to the equation 
Et \S" 61 Et 
5) HeR + 6.0 =3 | Hg Bl 4 
Terchloride of antimony, on the other hand, is converted by mercuric ethyl into 
triethylstibene, the whole of the chlorine passing over to the mercuric radical. 
Ey Cl Et Et 
(osB)o() (08) (8) 
From the circumstance that titanium, in many respects, imitates the behaviour 
of the metal tin in its combinations, experiments were made with the bichloride, 
Zinc-ethyl strongly reacts upon this body, if assisted by gentle heat. Chloride of 
Sn = 
