136 REPORT—1862. 
Smoking 11 minutes, 76, 78, 77, 76, 79, 79, 80, 80, 79, 78, and 79. 
There was no increase in the rate of pulsations from the effort of smoking or from 
its interference with the respiration. 
Experiment 4.—To ascertain if after smoking 6 minutes, during which the effect is 
very small, and then ceasing smoking, any increase in the effect would follow. 
Pulsation before smoking 75 pulsations per minute. 
Smoking 6 minutes, 76, 75, 79, 79, 76, 78. 
Smoking 1 minute, 82.—Cease smoking. 
Smoking 10 minutes, 81, 88, 83, 82, 84, 83, 83, 80, 82. 
The rate of pulsations was maintained, but was not materially increased. 
Experiment 5.—To prove of the rapidity of smoking causes a variation in increase 
of pulsation. 
a, Greater volume of smoke, 
Pulsation before smoking 703 per minute. 
Smoking 6 minutes, 68, 70, 71, 70, 72, 74=70°8 average. 
Smoking 6 minutes, 76, 77, 86, 89, 91, 94=85°5 average. 
Smoking 4 minutes, 98, 95, 96, 95=96-0 average. 
The maximum effect was thus 273 pulsations per minute. 
b, Smoking faster. 
Pulsation of the last minute in the previous part of this experiment, viz. 95 per 
minute.—Smoking 3 minutes, 94, 94, 96. 
c. The pipe recharged. 
Smoking 5 minutes, 87, 93,96, 96, 96. 
There was therefore a large eflect upon the pulsation, but probably not more 
than would have occurred with ordinary smoking. 
Numerous other experiments were made with tobaccos of different reputed 
strengths and upon different persons, and the author gaye minute directions as to 
the proper method of making such inquiries. 
GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY. 
On the Civilization of Japan. By Sir R. Aucocx. 
Tue author began by obseryine that “mankind,” it had been said, was going 
through a ereat fusion. It was being made one, not by conquest, not by the spread 
of a creed, but by the interchange of commodities, a proposition which it was to be 
feared could only be accepted as true in a very qualified sense. Commerce and 
the natural wants of mankind were no doubt efficient agents in bringing different 
races into communication with each a og Sao up new countries, and predis- 
posing populations to spread by intercourse, by the interchange both of products 
and of ideas. But it was not the less true that commerce only opened the way, and 
quite as often excited jealous fears and gave way to hostile feelings, ending in con- 
quest or civil convulsion and bloodshed. The tendency of the present day was 
rather to attribute too much to commerce as an efficient agency whether for civili- 
zation or peace. It often brought two totally dissimilar races into sudden contact 
in the aggressive march of western civilization and commerce eastward, and very 
seldom without collision and conflict. Between the moral and the physical there 
was in this, as in other directions, a great analogy. In the material world new 
forms and combinations were seldom effected without much effervescence and dis- 
integration. Many dangerous elements were set free, and others which gave soli- 
dity and permanence disappeared. So it often proved when new elements of 
thought and civilization were brought into contact with the elder Asiatic forms 
of social life and government. So it had been in China as in Japan; the feudal 
nobles of the latter empire, with a true instinct, saw that commerce never came 
alone, but brought in its track germs of social and political change which, soouer 
