166 REPORT—1862. 
Taking the amount of pauperism at the end of each quarter in the same unions as 
sufficiently exhibiting the pressure, it will be found that the increase in 1858 was 
35:4 per cent. 
The number of paupers at the end of each quarter was as follows :— 
Quarters ended 1856-7. Quarters ended 1857-8. 
December ......... sees. 66,950 106,109 
Maeth sin’, adeth awe 68,066 91,988 
WAAR sie aN ae eee, 63,994. 71,407 
Average .... 66,336 89,835 
4, The third visitation is that under which the cotton manufacturing districts of 
Lancashire and Cheshire are now suffering, with every symptom of further aggrava- 
tion. In the twenty-one unions, inclusive of Liverpool, which comprise, as already 
stated, the cotton manufacturing district of Lancashire and Cheshire, the number 
of deaths in the four March quarters last past stood thus :— 
TBD Ness then Pete '¥a00h a0 15,390 
BOs acais att assent 14,710 
(1277 Oe PY PPR ES ae 15,889 
Average ...s6.0. 15,329 
1862 17.000 j increase 1671, or 
eee ot niiaiae eis ; 
} 10:9 per cent. 
The number of deaths in the four June quarters last past stood thus :— 
1859 6 etcs sarawadedsa es 13,071 
TE nak Misc sBtositie the 13,811 
TSGE 0. nelaws ie evitewnie 13,789 
Average........ 13,555 
increase 545, or 
PEaLda eon nacn) ekaans a 14,100 | 10a oa 
It will be seen hereafter that the pauperism greatly increased in the June quarter 
of the present year, though the augmentation in the ratio of deaths, as here shown, 
considerably diminished. But the milder weather of the Midsummerquarter may be 
credited with some, if not the whole, of the difference in the mortality. The aggre- 
gate population of these unions in 1861 was 2,067,267. No attempt has here been 
made to adjust the census returns in i of prior or posterior dates. Whenever 
any ratio in this paper is given in relation to the population, it has been com- 
puted upon the actual census of 1861. The number of paupers in receipt of relief, 
excluding from the account lunatics in asylums and vagrants, stood in the four 
March quarters as hereafter stated :—1859, 66,704; 1860, 57,933; 1861, 58,261; 
average, 60,966 ; 1862, 100,813 ; being an increase of 39,847, or 65:3 per cent. The 
number of paupers in the four June quarters was, in 1859, 61,002; 1860, 54,149; 
1861, 54,731; average, 56,627 ; 1862, 107,420, being an increase of 50,793, or 89°7 
percent. The rate at which the pauperism rose to its present amount has varied 
considerably in the different unions of the district. 
5. The unions have been divided into three sections, for the purpose of ascer- 
‘taining what immediate relation the pauperism bears to the mortality. The first, 
or section A, comprises seven unions, with a population of 773,662 persons. In no 
union of this section had the number of paupers at Midsummer 1862 been more 
than 100 per cent. in excess, when compared with the numbers relieved at Mid- 
summer 1861. Measuring the ratio of pauperism on the pon we find that 
at Christmas 1861, when the pressure frst ecame marked, it was 2°7 per cent., or 
0:5 per cent. higher than at Christmas 1860. From Christmas to Midsummer last 
it rose 0:8 per cent. ; at the latter date it was 3-5 per cent. In the followiag table 
the unions are placed according to their pauperism at the end of 1861. The absolute 
increase per cent. in the number of paupers at Midsummer 1862, as compared with 
Midsummer 1861, is shown in the last column :— 
