170 REPORT—1862. 
mortality in the latter place is very considerable; on the other hand, in the former 
town there is a positive, though small, decrease in the number of deaths :— 
Increase per cent. of Difference per cent. in the 
Paupers, 1861-2. number of Deaths, 1861-2. 
Vis VGRHOO fee ee eine svcisiereres gate a +62 — 09 
West Derby and Toxteth Park., +12 +13:7 
12. An interval of three years lies between the commencement of the last and the 
rise of the present distress in the north. The distress of 1857-8 barely extended 
over nine months. Counting to Midsummer last, the present suspension of occu- 
-pations has continued, with increasing severity, for eight months. It will be of 
interest to contrast the results of the two periods, premising that the figures which 
‘relate to 1857-8 are representative of the nine months terminated at Midsummer 
1858, while those of 1862 are for six months only. The ratio of pauperism for the 
earlier period is the average of the numbers relieved at Christmas, Lady-day, and 
Midsummer; in the latter year it is the average taken in respect of Lady-day and 
Midsummer. The unions are hereafter classed according to the parity or the dis- 
parity of the results at the two periods. 1. Three unions which exhibit cor- 
responding results. 2. Six unions which show in comparison with earlier ratios a 
diminished rate of increase. 3, Six unions which show in comparison with the 
earlier ratios an augmented rate of increase :— 
: Difference per cent. Difference per cent. 
Unions. in the number of Deaths. in the number of Paupers. 
1857-8. 1861-2. 1857-8. 1861-2. 
(1) Stockport ...s3.65.05. +186 +172 +33 +251 
IEWNGOM eee ese hee aye oe — 18 +16 +26 + 35 
Haha: Seka ooo e oe 5 +139 +136 +37 + 80 
(6) Mare See at gra ec 4+32:1 +101 +30 + 22 
Olierltor ois eeieeeiass +262 + 93 +63 + 46 
Ashton-under-Lyne.... +266 + 40 +32 +313 
Rochdale. ..4.....0.. — 03 — 57 +21 +108 
Blaek urn. sts, 27 ke es +282 +144 +38 +301 
IPROBUGD, «ss ssc eaket +190 + 64 +63 +264 
(3) Macclesfield ......4.8% -103 — 42 +49 + 25 
WESTTY cots ibe ichs She ere aia at +100 +19-0 +19 + 91 
DAMON .daa estes eeas 4114 +191 +56 + 75 
Manchester .......... + 81 +144 +80 +117 
Efaal mpd enn. eis cioe ac 2 —213 + 53 +44 +100 
Burnley 3.23 3.919 90. =79 + 53 +43 +119 
Making the same contrasts between Liverpool and the West Derby Union, we 
have the following figures :— é 
Difference per cent. Difference per cent. 
Unions. in the number of Deaths. in the number of Paupers. 
1857-8. 1861-2. 1857-8. 1861-2. 
HGIVETPOOL ts. «scl cms +203 -— 09 +11 + 62 
West Derby .........- +260 +13:7 +16 + 12 
13. It is satisfactory to know that, whatever may be the cause, the rate of 
mortality in the distressed unions is, in proportion to the suffering, as indicated by 
the pauper returns, less now than it was in 1857-8. The Table just given shows 
that, with one or two exceptions, the pressure upon the poor-rates is much severer 
now than then; and that, of the sixteen unions selected as the most important of 
the district, three show the same rate of increase in mortality as in 1857-58, seven 
show a less rate of increase in mortality than in 1857-58, six show a greater rate of 
increase of mortality than in 1857-58. But the pauperism of the last six is, in its 
excess, nearly double that attained in the earlier period. 
14. It is evident, from an inspection of the notes appended to the registrar’s 
quarterly returns, that during the nine months ended with June 1858, an epidemic 
of scarlatina, whooping-cough, small-pox, and measles prevailed in the district 
