4 REPORT 1871. 



fications, of which 700 were reported at Liverpool*. The remaining 2200, 

 exhumed since the end of August 1870, belonged to different kinds of animals, 

 in the ratios shown in the following list : — 



Hysena 335 per thousand. 



Horse 295 „ 



Hhinoceros .... 161 „ 



« Irish Elk ".. .. 55 



Ox 35 



Deer 27 „ 



Badger 22 „ 



Elephant 20 „ 



Bear 18 per thousand. 



Fox 12 „ 



Lion 6 „ 



Reindeer 5 „ 



Wolf 4 „ 



Bat 2 „ 



Rabbit 1 „ 



Dog (?) . . less than 1 „ 



On comparing the foregoing list with those given for the Sally-ports in 

 the Sixth Report (pp. 19 and 24), it will be found to differ from them in 

 containing neither Sheep nor Pig, and in the diminished prevalence of Rabbit 

 and Badger. 



Many of the teeth are in fragments of jaws, which have, in most cases, 

 lost their condyles and their inferior borders. They belong to individuals of 

 all ages, from the baby Elephant, whose molar crown was no more than -8 

 inch long, and the Hyaena, whose second set had made their appearance 

 before the dislodgement of the first, to the wasted remnant of an adult tooth 

 of the Mammoth, and the canine of the Bear worn quite to the fang. 



Many of the bones and teeth are discoloured, a large number are gnawed 

 (generally, no doubt, by the Hysena, but occasionally by some smaller animal), 

 and a considerable proportion of them, at all levels, are more or less covered 

 with films of stalagmitic matter. On some of the specimens are peculiar 

 markings, produced perhaps by fine rootlets of trees having grown round 

 them. Some marked in this way were found with living rootlets surround- 

 ing them. 



Coprolitic matter was by no means abundant, only one example of it 

 having been met with in the entire Passage. 



In various parts of the Passage considerable heaps of small bones, some- 

 times agglutinated, were found here and there on the surface, or but little 

 below it. In one instance as many as 8400 were picked out of 120 cubic 

 inches of material. 



At the junction of the two Reaches of the Passage, a large ledge or cur- 

 tain of limestone projected downwards from the roof considerably below the 

 TTSual level. On the inner or northern side of it there was found a wheel- 

 barrow full of bones, fragments of bones, and teeth, of a considerable variety 

 of animals, all huddled together. 



It was stated in the First Report (Birmingham, 1865 1) that the Cave- 

 earth was excavated in " Parallels," the length of which was the same as 

 the width of the Chamber &c., where this was not excessive, breadth in- 

 variably 1 foot, and depth 4 feet, where this gave the men siifiicient height 

 to work in comfort, or 5 feet where it did not ; that each parallel was 

 divided into successive horizontal " Levels," a foot in depth ; and that each 

 level was subdivided into lengths or " Yards," each 3 feet long and, from 

 what has been stated, a foot square in the section, thus rendering it easy 

 to define and record the position of every object discovered. 



Smerdon's Passage and its lateral branches contained 78 "Parallels " of 



* See Sixth Eeport, 1870, p. 27. 



+ See pp. 19, 20. 



