TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 109 



basis and hind end of the skull is typical of oxen. The sternum, portion of tho 

 spine, and general strength of the limb-bones show configui-ations allying it with 

 the Bovidaj. Other features of the legs hint an affinity to the Camel. On the 

 strength of his own researches, and those of Mr. Bartlett and Dr. Canfield, the 

 author is inclined to place the Sivatherium in the family Antilocapridffl ; Drs. Sclater 

 and Gray having raised the Prongbuck to a group equivalent to the Cervidse and 

 Antilopidne, chiefly from the singular fact of its horns being hollow and periodi- 

 cally deciduous. The great Indian Sivatherium lie considers might as well be 

 taken as the centre type of a family, the Sivatheridaj. He points out that radi- 

 ating from it can be traced a differentiation of structure allying it to the ancient 

 Bramotherium and Megacerops. Diversely, links lead through the Prongbuck 

 towards the Deer, Giraffe, and Camel. On the other hand, configurations point 

 undoubtedly to the Saiga ; and there it is, as it were, split into lines directed 

 towards the Antelope, the Sheep, and even the Pachyderms. 



Additions to the list of Fossils and Localities of the Carhoniferous Formation 

 in and around Edinhuryh. By C. W. Peach, A.L.S. 



The author, after a few preliminary remarks, stated tliat he had found Spirorhis 

 carhonarius rather plentiful at Burdiehouse, showing that the limestone there had 

 been deposited in brackish water ; Estheria, in Camstone quarry, in Arthur's Seat, 

 plentiful ; Leia in an ironstone nodule at Wardie, Professor R. Jones says, " the 

 most northern locality at present known ; " Acanthodes 7F«;T/i plentiful in the Par- 

 rot-coal at Loanhead, rare at the brickworlc and No. 1 Pit and Shield Hill, Fal- 

 kirk, and in the black -band and gas-coal at Auchenheath, Lesmahagow. In ad- 

 dition to the well-known Tugopterus of Wardie, he had got from Loanhead splendid 

 specimens, with large and beautifully carved jaws and striated teeth, for which, 

 should it prove new, he proposed to name it F. elegans. It is rare. 



He next exhibited a portion of a splendid spine, beautifully tubercled, and covered 

 as well with thorn-like hoolfs, differing from all figured by Agassiz. He exhibited 

 other things, probably new ; also a shagreen-covered fish ; he had found it in several 

 localities. As all were so imperfect he refrained from doing more than showing 

 them to the members, so that any one knowing it might throw light on it. 



He next exhibited and commented on a series of beautiful specimens of coal- 

 field plants, consisting of large leaves and stem of Cordaites borassifolia ; Ccdainites 

 nodosus in a splendid state, showing its pairs of branches, pinnae, and leaves ; from 

 these he had been able to make nearly a complete restoration of the plant. The 

 greatest prize was AnthoKthes Pitcainnce, with its fruit Cardiocarpon attached, 

 hanging gracefully by its swan-like stem ; these, with many other interesting 

 plants, he got in the blaes above the coal at Coach-road pit, near Falldrk. 



He remarked that some of the jaws and portions of the fishes from the coal-fields 

 retained their greasy nature, throwing off water when wetted like the chalk used by 

 lithographers, and instantly drying, whilst the matrix in which they were enclosed 

 remained wet. 



On Hydro-Oeology. By L'Abb£ Eichard. 



On the Contents of a Hi/cena^s Den on the Great Doivard, Whitchurch, Ross. 

 By the Ecv. W. S. Stjionds, F.G.S. 



The following is the order of deposition of materials in the Cave known as King 

 Arthur's Cave. 



1. Fallen debris containing Roman pottery and recent human hones. 



2. Cave-earth No. 1, three feet thick. Flint flakes and a flint knife. Cores of 

 chert and Silurian quartz rock. Teeth and jaws of Fells spekea, Urstis spelceus and 

 Ilycena spelaa, Elephas priiniyenius, Fhinoccros tichorhinus, Equus fossilis, Mega- 

 ceros hiherninis, and Cervus taramlus. 



3. Old river-bed of red sand and AVye pebbles from the Siliuian rocks of Rha- 

 yader and Builth, three or four feet thick. 



