CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 4.3 



Lepidoptera. — Tlie butterflies of the South Temperate Sub- 

 region are not numerous, only about 29 genera and 80 species 

 being recorded. Most of these are from Chili, which is suffi- 

 ciently accounted for by the general absence of wood on the 

 east side of the Andes from Buenos Ayi'es to South Patagonia. 

 The families represented are as follows: Satyrida^, with 11 

 genera and 27 species, are the most abundant ; Nymph alidie, 

 2 genera and 8 species ; Lemoniidte, 1 genus, 1 species ; Lyca3- 

 nida3, 3 genera, 8 species ; Pieridae, 6 genera, 14 species ; Papi- 

 lionidte, 2 genera, 8 species; Hesperid?e, 4 genera, 13 species. 

 One genus of Satyridse (JSlina) and 2 of Pieridse {Eroessa and 

 Phulia) are peculiar to Chili. The following are the genera 

 whose derivation must be traced to the north temperate zone : — 

 TetraphlyMa, Neosatyrus, and 3 allied genera of 1 species each, 

 were formerly included under Erclia, a northern and arctic form, 

 yet having a few species in South Africa ; Argyroplionis, allied 

 to jEncis, a northern genus ; Hipparchia, a northern genus yet 

 having a species in Brazil ; — all 8atyrida\ The Nymphalidaj are 

 represented by the typical north temperate genus Argynnis, w^ith 

 7 species in Chili ; Colias, among the Pieridae, is usually con- 

 sidered to be a northern genus, but it possesses representatives 

 in South Africa, the Sandwich Islands, Malabar, Xew Grenada, 

 and Peru, as well as Chili, and must rather be classed as 

 cosmopolitan. These form a sufficiently remarkable group of 

 northern forms, but they are accompanied by others of a wiiolly 

 Neotropical origin. Such are StibomorpJia with 6 species^ rang- 

 ing through South America to Guatemala, and Etcona, common 

 to Chili and Brazil (Satyridaj) ; Ajjodemia (Lemoniidae') confined 

 to Tropical America and Chili. Hcspcrocliaris and Callidryas 

 (Pieridae), both tropical ; and Thracides (Hesperidae) confined to 

 Tropical America and Chili. Other genera are widely scattered; 

 as, Epincp)h ih found also in jNIexico and Australia ; Cupklo, 

 widely spread in the tropics ; Euryadcs, found only in La Plata 

 and Paraguay, allied to South American forms of Papilio, to the 

 Australian Eurycus, and the northern Parnassius ; and Heterop- 

 tenis, scattered in Chili, North America, and Tropical Africa. We 

 find then, among butterflies, a large north-temperate element, 



